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Electrophysiological Alterations During Hypnosis for Ego-Enhancement: A Preliminary Investigation

American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis,  Apr 2004  by Stevens, Larry,  Brady, Brian,  Goon, Angela,  Adams, Deanna,  Et al

<< Page 1  Continued from page 7.  Previous | Next

Because of obtained statistical similarities between the highs and very highs on the one hand and between the lows and moderates on the other, as well as a priori predictions, these groups were combined respectively and examined for statistical profile differences. The highs and very highs as a group showed significant decreases in beta power from baseline 1 to eye roll (p = .046) and to arm levitation (p = .031), and then a pattern of significant increases from arm levitation to PNR (p = .002) and to Serenity (p = .001), with peak beta power obtained during the Serenity suggestions and with no significant changes from Serenity through termination to baseline2. The lows and moderates, on the other hand, significantly decreased beta power from baseline 1 to eye roll (p

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Statistical power analyses revealed the beta changes from baseline during hypnosis to be a very high-powered phenomenon, with observed power equal to .990. The hypnotizability group variable possessed moderately high power as well (observed power = .768) in rejecting the null hypothesis of no hypnotizability group effect on beta production.

Alpha EEG Analyses. Analysis of alpha power changes across stages of hypnosis also revealed a significant main effect for stages (f(4.87, 51) =8.76, p

Planned comparisons among hypnotizability groups indicated the moderately hypnotizable participants to be significantly lower in alpha power than the highs (p = .032), with a trend toward significance in comparison with the lows (p = .103). Differences between moderates and highs were determined to be largely due to significantly lower baselinel alpha values for the moderates (p = .011); when these baselinel differences were controlled through a post-hoc analysis of covariance, moderates were actually higher than highs in alpha power at arm levitation (p - .069) and marginally higher at PNR (p - .092). Differences between moderates and lows were determined to be significant only at Serenity (p = .077) and at baseline2 (p = .064).

Statistical power analyses also revealed the changes in alpha EEG power across the hypnosis process to be a very high powered phenomenon, with observed power equal to 1.00. The statistical power of the hypnotizability group variable was moderate (observed power = .56).

Delta EEC Analyses. Results of delta power analyses across hypnosis stages obtained amain effect for stages (F(4.78, 51) = 3.35, p = .007), anon-significant overall group effect (F(3, 56) = 1.89, p = .142), and a non-significant interaction (F(14.35, 159) = 1.49, p = . 111 ). Planned comparisons found significant increases in delta power from baseline 1 to PNR (p = .051 ) and significant decreases to baseline2 (p = .017), significant decreases from eye roll to baseline2 (p = .01 1 ), significant increases from arm levitation to Serenity (p = .058) and significant decreases to baseline2 (p = .007), significant decreases from PNR to Serenity (p - .028), to termination (p = .016), and to baseline2 (p - .001), and significant decreases from Serenity to baseline2 (p = .023). Delta EEG power changes across hypnosis conditions, therefore, showed a gradual increase from baseline) to PNR and then a progressive decrease to termination and baseline2. These delta power changes across hypnosis stages are presented in Figure 4.

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