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Industry: Email Alert RSS FeedElectrophysiological Alterations During Hypnosis for Ego-Enhancement: A Preliminary Investigation
American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, Apr 2004 by Stevens, Larry, Brady, Brian, Goon, Angela, Adams, Deanna, Et al
Planned comparisons among hypnotizability groups revealed a significant difference in theta power between the highly hypnotizables and the moderates (p = .067) with the highs showing elevated theta values across the 7 stages. The lows, moderates, and very highs did not differ significantly from one another (p > .10). Posthoc analyses showed the significant group differences to be largely a consequence of higher baseline theta values for the highs (F(I, 36) = 2.99, p = .092); when baseline 1 theta power values were controlled in a post-hoc analysis of covariance, marginally significant group differences were found only for the Serenity suggestions stage of hypnosis (F(I, 35) = 3.23, p - .081), with highs showing greater theta power during Serenity than moderates. These group and stage differences are presented graphically in Figure 1.
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Given the obtained statistical similarities among the lows, moderates, and very highs on theta power across stages of hypnosis in contrast to the highs, and following similar a priori predictions, the profile of theta changes was examined for each of these groupings. Highly hypnotizables showed an initial decrease in theta power from baselinel to eye roll (p = .001), but then increased power continuously from eye roll through arm levitation (p = .015) and PNR (p
Statistical power analyses indicated the theta changes across stages of hypnosis to be a very high powered phenomenon, with observed power, that is, the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis of no theta changes with hypnosis, equal to 1.00. Hypnotizability group, however, possessed relatively moderate power (observed power = .434) in rejecting the null hypothesis of no hypnotizability group effect.
Beta EEG Analyses. Results of analyses of beta EEG power changes across hypnosis stages revealed a main effect for hypnosis stage (F(4.78, 51) = 4.91, p
Comparisons among the 4 hypnotic susceptibility groups found the very highly hypnotizables significantly higher in beta power than moderates (p = .021 ) and lows (p - .066), highly hypnotizables significantly higher in beta power than moderates (p .029), and no significant differences between lows and moderates or between very highs and highs (p > .10). Post-hoc analyses suggested that the differences between highs and moderates were due in part to significantly greater beta power baselinel values for the highs (F(I, 36) = 3.59, p = .066); subsequent covariate analyses with these baseline differences controlled showed significantly greater beta power for the highs only at eye roll (F( 1,35) = 6.29, p =.017) and at baseline2 (F( 1, 36) = 4.53, p = .040), with a trend toward significance at termination (F( 1, 36) = 2.77, p = . 105). For the other obtained group differences, very highly hypnotizable participants were significantly higher in beta power than moderates at eye roll (F(I, 20) = 4.69, p = .043), at arm levitation (F( 1,20) = 3.89, p = .063), at PNR (F( 1,20) = 3.49, p = .076), at Serenity (F( 1,20) = 4.71, p = .042), and at termination (F(I, 20)=3.36, p = .082), and very highs were significantly higher in beta power than lows only at Serenity (F(I, 20) = 3.63, p - .071), with a trend toward a significant difference at termination (F( 1, 20) = 2.89, p - .105). These results are graphically presented in Figure 2.
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