Superfood Solution?, The

Dynamic Chiropractic,  Mar 26, 2005  by Maher, John

• E-mail
• Print
• Link

"Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food."

- Hippocrates

We have long known that foods contain the nutrients we need to sustain life. But nutrition and food scientists are continually finding new beneficial components in food that help keep us healthy and prevent the development of diseases. Today, nutritionists describe foods rich in certain "ingredients" that may provide a health benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains as "functional foods."1 These functional food ingredients are sometimes described as "quasi nutrients" and are best exemplified by two main groups: the phytonutrients and the zoonutrients.

Indeed, the concept of what benefits food can provide is changing. The previous emphasis on health maintenance through recommended nutrient allowances and dietary guidelines has evolved into a focus on the promising use of foods to promote optimal health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.2

The Phytonutrients

A significant direction of the effort to understand the health benefits of plant foods and the basis for the creation of functional foods, sometimes called nutraceuticals or designer foods, is the characterization of their physiologically active constituents - phytonutrients. It has long been appreciated that food plants contain significant levels of low molecular weight, secondary metabolites with important roles for plant protection.3 Only recently has their role in optimizing human health been appreciated.4

Phytonutrients have been demonstrated to provide the following physiological effects:5'15

* facilitate cell-to-cell communication;

* modify cellular receptor uptake of hormones;

* convert to vitamin A;

* repair DNA damage from toxic exposure;

* detoxify carcinogens through the activation of the cytochrome P450 and phase II liver enzyme systems;

* serve as antioxidants to help prevent various forms of cancer;

* cause apoptosis (cell death) in cancer cells;

* enhance immune response;

* help prevent cardiovascular disease;

* help prevent osteoporosis; and

* help prevent macular degeneration and cataracts.

To demonstrate how strongly consideration for the physiological importance of phytonutrients has become, consider the following from the Pennington Biomedical Research Center:

The "Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension "(DASH) diet substantially lowers blood pressure and reduces blood lipid levels. The DASH diet menus were designed to reach beneficial levels fiber, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, and therefore contain more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains relative to the control menus, and indecently more phytochemicals. Using the USDA food composition databases, the polyphenol, carotenoid, and phytosterol contents of the diets used in the DASH study were estimated. When compared with the control diet, the DASH diet is higher in flavonols, flavanones, flavans-3-ols, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein+zeaxanthin, and phytosterols. Flavone levels are similar, whereas isoflavones are present in a small amount in the DASH diet. The roles of these compounds in disease risk reduction are becoming recognized. It therefore is possible that the health benefits of the DASH diet are partially attributable to the phytochemicals and might extend beyond cardiovascular disease risk reduction.16 [italics mine]

The Zoonutrients

Just as plant foods may provide phytonutients, animal foods may; also contain protective substances called zoonutrients - food molecules that have been shown to modify multiple physiological functions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertension and antimicrobial actions, stimulation of beneficial bacteria, the maturation of intestinal cells, and the education of the immune system.17

The now somewhat familiar anti-inflammatory, anti-clotting and triglyceride-lowering effects of thel oils of cold-water fish are attributed to the zoonutrient EPA/DHA.

In Chicago in October 1997, the International Whey Conference reported the following seven findings concerning the zoonutrients in whey:

1. Very low-molecular-weight whey peptides help prevent cancer and heart disease.

2. Three whey peptides (BSA, alphalactalbumin and lactoferrin) boost immune status by increasing the body's main cellular protector: glutathione.

3. Whey protein, by increasing thymus development, reduces colon cancer in rats.

4. One powdered whey supplement in conjunction with photodynamic therapy reduced tumor size by 60 percent in rats.

5. Whey peptides (lactoproteins) aid ? dieting by dramatically increasing i the release of cholecystokinin (CCK), an appetite suppressant.

6. Three whey peptides (lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase and immunoglobulin) act as antibacterial preservatives and free-radical scavengers.

7. Whey contains growth factors (IGF-I and II) proven to assist in gut and wound healing, inside and out. (Note: colostrum is even more powerful in this aspect.)

The ADA on the Value of a Varied, Functional Food-Rich Diet

In its 1995 report on functional foods, the American Dietetic Association (ADA) concluded the following: