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'WE BELONG TO THE NORTH': THE FLIGHTS OF THE NORTHERN INDIANS FROM THE WHITE RIVER AGENCIES, 1877-1878
Montana: The Magazine of Western History, Summer 2005 by Bray, Kingsley M
62. Little Big Man to the President of the United States, August 1, 1878, transmitted in James R. O'Beirne to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, August 27, 1878, Letters Received, Red Cloud Agency, RG 75, NA, Washington; Skunk Horse statement. Big Road and forty-four lodges surrendered at Fort Keogh, September 1880.
63. Sans Arc headmen Rising Sun and Foolish Thunder, fellow hostages with Black Eagle (sec note 58), departed Cheyenne River Agency about the end of January, their nominal destination New Red Cloud Agency. Since their arrival there was not noted, flight to Canada with Black Eagle seems the most likely explanation. "Register of Indians at Cheyenne River Agency," 170-71.
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64. Bull Eagle statement. A small number of Brulés departed the Spotted Tail Agency village at the time of removal to the new Rosebud site, July 1878, with leaders Good Bird arid Black Yellow Fox. In September 1878 fifteen more lodges fled Rosebud with leaders Red Eagle (Miniconjou-Brulé) and Bad Mustang (Wazhazha). Spotted Eagle {Sans Arc) reported the arrival at Sitting Bull's village of seventeen lodges, probably the same party, of "Ogallalas . . . from a place known as the burnt country, south of the Black Hills," early November 1878. see Papers Relating to the Sioux Indians of the United States, 125.
65. A. G. Irvine to Hon. R. W. Scott, April 2,1878, in Papers Relating to the Sioux Indians of the United States, lib'. Three Canadian reports for the second half of 1878 supply estimates of between 550 and 600 refugee Lakota lodges. I suggest the following round-figure breakdown: 190 lodges Hunkpapas; 125 lodges Miniconjous; 100 lodges Sans Arcs; 95 lodges Oglalas; 50 lodges Brulés and Wazhazhas; 20 lodges Sihasapas, for a total of 580 lodges.
66. Tally of individuals noted as from the "North," in "Pine Ridge Agency Ration Roll, 1882," copy in author's possession, courtesy of Brother C. M. Simon, SJ.; "List of Indians transferred from Standing Rock June 5 [18]82," in "Census Roll of Indians at Spotted Tail Agency," 142-43.
67. James Irwin to Commissioner of'Indian Affairs, January 27.1878, Letters Received, Red Cloud Agency, RG 75, NA, Washington.
68. Bull Eagle statement; Dodd to Commanding Officer, March 5, 1878; Garnett interview. A bloc of Northern lodges is discernible m the Spleen band census taken in mid-1878, made up of the following families: Spotted Hand, Low Bear, Blue Knee, White Bear, Yellow Knife, Burnt Hip, Shits in Lodge, Leader Women, Two Bulls. Bear Jaw, Pistol Owner. "Chas. Jordan./Ogallalla/D.T.," partial Oglala census, Pine Ridge Agency Records, RG 75, NA, KC.
69. Bull Eagle statement; Irwin to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, January 27,1878; Ben Tibbitts to James Irwin, January 24,28,1878, Red Cloud Agency, General Correspondence Received, RG 75, NA, KC; "Register of Indians at Cheyenne River Agency," 166-67,174-75,181. The families of Dog on Butte, Lips Smell Shit, and Lead Bear made up the two lodges returning to the Oglalas. The families enrolled at Cheyenne River included Touch the Clouds, Standing Elk (younger brother of Touch the Clouds), The Bridge (brother-in-law of Touch the Clouds), Talks about Him (younger brother of Touch the Clouds), One Bear (Company E corporal), The Woman They Want, The Dog on the Hill, Steals die Woman and Straight Head (joint heads of one lodge), and Swift Hawk. The two men named Dog on Butte or The Dog on the Hill (Sunka Paha kan Nazin) may have been father and son.
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