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'WE BELONG TO THE NORTH': THE FLIGHTS OF THE NORTHERN INDIANS FROM THE WHITE RIVER AGENCIES, 1877-1878
Montana: The Magazine of Western History, Summer 2005 by Bray, Kingsley M
34. In addition to references in note 32, see Luther Standing Bear, My People the Sioux (Boston, 1928), chaps. 8, 9; Horn Chips, interview by Walter Camp, folder 55, Field Notes, Walter M. Camp Papers, Harold B. Lee Library. Brigham Young University, Provo. Eli S. Ricker interviews with Mrs Richard Stirk (tablet 8) and Standing Soldier (tablet 29) Ricker Collection, NSHS, Lincoln, also bear on the burial of Crazy Horse.
35. Fanny McGillycuddy diary, November 11, 1877.
36. Garnett interview; The Small statement, in lieutenant R. W. Hoyt to Post Adjutant, Cheyenne River Agency, November 27,1877; Robert M. Utley, The Lance and the Shield: The Life and Times of Sitting Bull (New York, 1993), 200.
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37. Garnett interview; Fanny McGillycuddy diary, November 15-16, 1877.
38. Frank Fools Crow statement, in Fools Crow, by Thomas E. Mails (New York, 1979), 166-67. On Elk Head's involvement, see Miles to Assistant Adjutant General, Department of Dakota, January 12, 1878. Before his succession as Calf Pipe Keeper. Elk Head had been a Sans Arc Shirt Wearer. His family is traditionally associated with the Tiyopa Ocanupa, Smokes at the Entrance tiyospaye of Sans Arcs. Statements to the author by Sebastian "Bronco" LeBeau, April 17, 2002; and Lucille Runs After, March 22, 2004.
39. Lawson to Adjutant General. Department of the Flatte, December 4, 1877; Garnett interview; Fanny McGillycuddy diary, November 17, 1877 (indicates November 17 dating).
40. Garnett interview; Omaha Daily Bee, December 3. 1877. Miniconjou scouts who may have joined the November 17 flight include Bear Flies Over the Water (Company C); Chasing Hawk (son of Roman Nose). Chasing the Morning, Packs Prairie Chicken (Company D); Horned Horse (Company E).
41. Lawson to Adjutant General, Department of the Platte, December 4,1877; lieutenant William P. Clark to J. H. Hammond, November 24. 1877, telegram, Letters Received, Red Cloud Agency, RG 75, NA, Washington; Miles to Assistant Adjutant General, Department of Dakota. January 12,1878; James Irwinto Commissioner of Indian Affairs, November 26/1877, telegram, Letters Received, Red Cloud Agency, RG 75, NA, Washington. Black Fox, brother of Ghost Dance leader Kicking Bear, was killed in intertribal warfare in Canada. Low Dog surrendered at Fort Buford, April 11, 1881. Crazy Heart surrendered at Fort Peck, November 1880. Sans Arc headman Iron White Man (Siksicela band?) may have been among the November 17 breakouts.
42. Lawson to Adjutant General, Department of the Platte, December 4, 1877; Omaha Daily Bee, December 3, 1877.
43. Omaha Daily Bee, December 3, 1877; Irwin to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, November 26, 1877.
44. The Small statement.
45. The census of "Northern Camp," in "Census Roll of Indians at Spotted Tail Agency." lists eighty-seven lodges in December 1877.
46. lieutenant Colonel W. J. Carlin to Assistant Adjutant General, Department of Dakota, December 14, 1877, Sioux War Papers, RG 94, NA, Washington. The second breakaway group was counted at forty-five lodges when it crossed the Missouri on January 12.1878. Captain W. W. Sanders to Post Adjutant, Fort Buford, January 17,1878, ibid.
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