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'WE BELONG TO THE NORTH': THE FLIGHTS OF THE NORTHERN INDIANS FROM THE WHITE RIVER AGENCIES, 1877-1878
Montana: The Magazine of Western History, Summer 2005 by Bray, Kingsley M
24. Irwm to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, September 4,1878; Clark to secretary of the Interior, November 7,1877.
25. Irwin to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, November 5,1877; "Census Roll of" Indians at Spotted Tail Agency." Agent Lee stated that a total of 1.473 Spotted Tail Agency Northern Indians joined the Red Cloud column. lieutenant Jesse M. Lee to Red Cloud Agent. January 11,1878, photostat copy. Fort Robinson Museum, Crawford, Nebraska. As au approximate breakdown, I suggest that of the Northern Indians who joined the Red Cloud column in the first week of November ninety lodges were Mmiconjous. sixty-five lodges Sans Arcs, sixty lodges Brulés and Wazhazhas, and thirty-five lodges Oglalas.
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26. Clark to secretary of the Interior, November 7, 1877; Lawsori to Adjutant General, Department of the Platte. December 4,1877; Irwin to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, November 5, 1877; Fanny McGillycuddy diary, November 3-6, 1877.
27. Clark to secretary of the Interior, November 7,1877.
28. Lawson to Adjutant General, Department of the Platte, December 4,1877; Clark to secretary of the Interior, November 7,1877.
29. Clark to secretary of the Interior, November 7, 1877. For background on Young Man Afraid of His Horse, especially good for the period after the establishment of Pine Ridge Agency, see Joseph Agonito, "Young Man Afraid of His Horses: The Reservation Years" Nebraska History, 79 (Fall 1998).
30. Before the departure from the agencies, Clark had reorganized the scout companies. Company A had been organized around the Northern Arapaho leadership, but with their departure for the Shoshone reservation, Clark had drafted in additional Oglalas, appointing Young Man Afraid of His Horse as first sergeant. His sergeants included his brotherin-law Spider (see note 70) and his "brother" the Miniconjou-Oglala Club Man, who was married to Crazy Horse's older sister.
31. Fanny McGillycuddy diary, November 6-8,1877.McGillycuddy's mileages suggest a location on White River due north of the modern reservation community of Oglala. The composition of the blotahunka is indicated in Colonel Nelson A. Miles to Assistant Adjutant General, Department of Dakota, January 12,1878, Sioux War Papers Special File 4163 (hereafter Sioux War Papers), Letters Received by the Office of the Adjutant General, RG 94, NA, Washington. For background, see Walker, Lakota Society, 86-87.
32. Fanny McGillycuddy diary, November 7-8, 1877; Conroy to Superintendent, Pine Ridge Reservation, December 18, 1934; Nicholas Black Elk statement; Joseph Eagle Hawk statement, in John Colhoff to Joseph Balmer. April 25, 1951, transcript in author's collection; Chips, interview by Eli S. Ricker, 1907, tablet 18, Ricker Collection, NSHS, Lincoln. The first contemporary record is Omaha Daily Bee, December 3,1877, whose report that Crazy Horse had been buried near the mouth of White clay Creek probably reflects Worm's point-of-departure from the Red Cloud column soon after the beef issue.
33. Bordeaux interview.
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