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'WE BELONG TO THE NORTH': THE FLIGHTS OF THE NORTHERN INDIANS FROM THE WHITE RIVER AGENCIES, 1877-1878

Montana: The Magazine of Western History, Summer 2005 by Bray, Kingsley M

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16. Clark to secretary of the Interior, November 7, 1877; Lawson to Adjutant General. Department of the Platte, December 4,1877; Irwin to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, November 5,1877; Lawson to Adjutant General, Department of the Platte, December 4,1877.

17. Lieutenant R. W. Hoyt to Post Adjutant. Cheyenne River Agency, November 27. 1877, Letters Received, Red Cloud Agency. RG 75, NA. Washington. Sans Arc scouts who may have fled in the November breakouts include Eagle Dog (Company E corporal), Thunder Hawk (Company E private), Lame Dog and Two Eagles (Company D privates).

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18. Low Dog interview, 1881. reprinted in The Ouster Myth: A Source Book of Custeriana, by W. A. Graham (Harrisburg. Pa., 1953), 75-76: Edgar I. Stewart, duster's Luck (Norman, 1955), 436; Garnett interview, tablet 2: DeCost Smith, Red Indian Experiences (London, 1949), 178-82; "List of Indians transferred from other Agencys," in "Census Roll of Indians at Spotted Tail Agency"; Left-Hand Heron statement, in H. Scudder Mekeel, "Field Notes Summer of 1931/White clay District/ Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota," p. 50, typescript. American Museum of Natural History, New York.

19. Garnett interview, tablet 1; lieutenant Jesse M. Lee to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, August 2,1877, Letters Received, Spotted Tail Agency, RG 75, NA, Washington; Captain Daniel W. Burke to Colonel Luther P. Bradley, September 7, 1877, box 1, Luther P. Bradley Papers, United States Army Military History Institute, West Point, New York; Amos Charging First, affidavit statement, October 3,1923, South Dakota State Historical Society, Pierre; Black Moccasin statement, in Mekeel, "Field Notes Summer of 1931/White clay District," 39; Edward Kadlecek and Mabell Kadlecek. To Kill an Eagle: Indian Views on the Death of Crazy Horse (Boulder, CoIo., 1981), 91-93,143-44.

20. Stanley Vestal, Warpath: The True Story of the Fighting Sioux Told in a Biography of Chief White Bull (Rostoa, 1934), 54; Lee to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, August 2,1877.

21. The 359 "Indian Prisoners" enrolled at Cheyenne River in November 1876 surrendered 625 ponies and were permitted to retain 11. "Register of Indians at Cheyenne River Agency, 1876-77," pp. 124-26, Records of Fort Bennett, vol. 54. U.S. Army Continental Commands. Record Group 54, NA, Washington.

22. On Lone Horn, see Kingsley M. Bray, "Lone Horn's Peace: A New View of Sioux-Crow Relations, 1851-1858," Nebraska History, 66 (Spring 1985). For his role in the Black Hills talks, see statement of Joseph White Bull, in Vestal, Warpath, 269; statement of Lucille Runs After (Lone Horn's great-granddaughter), telephone conversation with the author, February 2, 2004. Interpreter Louis Bordeaux stressed the trust placed in Touch the Clouds by the military at Spotted Tail Agency. see Louis Bordeaux, interview by EH S. Ricker, 1907, tablet 11. Ricker Collection, NSHS, Lincoln. see also E. A. Brininstool, Crazy Horse, the Invincible Sioux Chief (Los Angeles, 1949), 74.

23. Victoria Conroy (née Standing Bear) to Superintendent, Pine Ridge Reservation, December 18,1934, in Hardorff, éd., Surrender and Death of Crazy Horse, 265-67; Red Feather statement, in A Dictionary ofTeton Sioux, Lakota-English, English-Lahota, by Eugene Buechel and Paul Manhart (Pine Ridge, S. Dak., 1983), 288; Black Elk statement, in The Sixth Grandfather: Black Elk's Teachings Given to John G. Neihardt, ed. Raymond J. DeMallie (Lincoln, 1984), 204; "Census Roll of Indians at Spotted Tail Agency," p. 114. Bray. Crazy Horse, chap, !,analyzes data on Crazy Horse's parentage.

'WE BELONG TO THE NORTH': THE FLIGHTS OF THE NORTHERN INDIANS FROM THE WHITE RIVER AGENCIES, 1877-1878

Montana: The Magazine of Western History, Summer 2005 by Bray, Kingsley M

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