lynching of Robert Prager, the United Mine Workers, and the problems of patriotism in 1918, The

14 Carl Monroe, interview with author, 22 October 1989.

15 Irving Dilliard, interview with author, 22 October 1989.

16 St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 15 May 1918, 1.

17 The Miner's Institute, although apparently little used, was still an impressive structure in 1989. A cornerstone-laying ceremony was held in October 1917 with district UMW president Frank Farrington as the featured speaker. (Herald, 5 October 1917, 8.)

18 Luebke, Bonds of Loyalty, 9.

19 Herald, 8 January 1976, 5.

20 William Jokerst, interview with author, 22 October 1989.

21 United States, Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Fourteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1920, Vol. III (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1923), 265.

22 Herald, 20 April 1917, 1; 5 October 1917, 1.

23 Herald, 8 June 1917, 1.

24 St. Louis Labor, 13 April 1918, 1, 4.

25 United Mine Workers Journal (Indianapolis), 2 August 1917, 12.

26 Herald, 3 August 1917, 1.

27 Herald, 10 August 1917, 1.

28 Daily News (Chicago), 11 August 1917, 8.

29 Herald, 17 August 1917, 1.

30 Herald, 7 September 1917, 1.

31 Daily News, 10 September 1917, 1.

32 St. Louis Labor, 22 September 1917, 5.

33 Herald, 20 April 1917, 1; Herald 5 October 1917, 1.

34 Herald, 28 September 1917, 1.

35 Herald, 5 October 1917, 1.

36 Herald, 12 October 1917, 1.

37 Herald, 19 October 1917, 1.

38 The New York Times, 17 October 1917, 22.

39 Herald, 19 October 1917, 1.

40 Herald, 6 July 1917, 1.

41 Times, 19 October 1917, 7.

42 Times, 20 October 1917, 7.

43 Herald, 26 October 1917, 2.

44 Herald, 30 October 1917, 4.

45 Herald, 23 November 1917, 2.

46 Herald, 2 November 1917, 1.

47 Herald, 1 February 1918, 1.

48 Herald, 14 December 1917, 1

49 Herald, 7 December 1917, 7.

50 Post-Dispatch, 13 February 1918, 1.

51 St. Lowis Lafcor, 23 February 1918, 1, 4.

52 Post-Dispatch, 13 February 1918, 1.

53 St. Louis Labor, 23 February 1918, 4.

54 Herald, 5 April 1918, 1.

55 Herald, 8 March 1918, 1.

56 Herald, 29 March 1918, 1.

57 Herald, 6 April 1918, 2; Herald, 12 April 1918, 2.

58 Daily News, 6 April 1918, 1.

59 The Maryville local of the UMW later fined three members fifty dollars each after a three-man trial committee including James Fornero decided that they had misrepresented Prager's mining experience. The three men had signed Prager's petition for membership in the local. The Herald said Prager had only twenty-eight days of previous coal mining experience. Herald, 19 April 1918, 1.

60 Post-Dispatch, 7 April 1918, 4.

61 Herald, 12 April 1918, 1.

62 Jokerst interview.

63 Post-Dispatch, 6 April 1918, 1.

64 Herald, 12 April 1918, 1.

65 Herald, 27 April 1918, 1.

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