America's Military Population

23. David R. Segal and Mady W. Segal, "Demographics of the Total Force: Quantity, Quality, and Training," in The United States Army: Challenges and Missions for the 1990s, ed. Robert L. Pfaltzgraf Jr. and Richard L. Shulzjr. (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath & Co., 1991): 207-23.

24. David J. Armor, "Race and Gender in the U.S. Military," ArmedForces & Society 23, no. 1 (1996): 22.

25. National Research Council, Attitudes, Aptitudes, and Aspirations of American Youth: Implications for Military Recruitment (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2003): 55-56.

26. Binkin and Kyriakopoulis, Youth or Experience?

27. For example Fred Davis Baldwin, "The American Enlisted Man in World War I" (Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University, 1964).

28. See for example Harry A. Marmion, The Case Against a Volunteer Army: Should America's Wars be Fought Only by the Poor and the Black? (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971).

29. Sue E. Berryman, Who Serves? The Persistent Myth of the Underclass Army (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988).

30. G. David Curry, Sunshine Patriots (South Bend, IN: Notre Dame University Press, 1984).

31. Segal et al., "The All-Volunteer Force in the 1970s."

32. Jerald G. Bachman et al., "Who Chooses Military Service? Correlate of Propensity and Enlistment in the U.S. Armed Forces," Military Psychology 12, no. 1 (2000): 1-30.

33. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier: 97.

34. Wade Clark Roof and William McKinney, American Mainline Religion: Its Changing Shape and Future (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987).

35. Robert A. Preiss, "Religious Diversity in the Armed Forces," paper presented at the 4th Biennial EO/EEO Research Symposium, Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, Patrick Air Force Base, FL, Dec. 5-7, 2001.

36. Segal, "Women's Military Roles Cross-Nationally."

37. See Segal, "Women's Military Roles Cross-Nationally."

38. Segal, Recruiting for Uncle Sam.

39. U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1955, 1960, 1963, 1965); and U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), Background Review: Women in the Military (Washington, DC: DoD Manpower, Reserve Affairs and Logistics, 1981).

40. Women's Research and Education Institute (WREI), "Active Duty Service Personnel by Branch of Service, Officer/Enlisted Status and Sex as of 30 September 2003" (Washington, DC: WREI, 2003).

41. Margaret C. Harrell and Laura L. Miller, New Opportunities for Military Women, Effects Upon Readiness, Cohesion, and Morale (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1997).

42. A battalion is an organizational unit of varying size that usually contains three operational companies and a headquarters company and includes approximately 1,000 soldiers.

43. Lory Manning and Vanessa R. Wight, Women in the Military: Where They Stand, 4th ed. (Washington, DC: WREI, 2003).

44. WREI, "Active Duty Service Personnel."

45. Manning and Wight, Women in the Military.

46. WREI, "Active Duty Service Personnel."

47. WREI, "Active Duty Service Personnel."

48. Manning and Wight, Women in the Military.