Politicizing Spanish-Mexican Domesticity, Redefining Fronteras: Jovita González's Caballero and Cleofas Jaramillo's Romance of a Little Village Girl

9. My analysis of the central role of domesticity in Gonzàlez's and Jaramillo's claims to "Spanishness" and "whiteness" builds upon the growing literature about the ways Spanish-Mexicans in Texas, New Mexico, and California deployed Spanishness to distinguish themselves from Mexicans and Indians. see Leticia Magda Garza-Falcon, Gente Décente: A Borderlands Response to the Rhetoric of Dominance (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998); Deena Gonzalez, Refusing the Favor: The Spanish-Mexican Women of Santa Fe, 1820-1880; Charles Montgomery, The Spanish Redemption: Heritage, Power, and Loss on New Mexico's Upper Rio Grande (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002); John M. Nieto-Phillips, The Language of Blood: The Making of Spanish-American Identity in New Mexico, 18803-1930$ (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2004).

10. My italics, from "The Original Text of Articles IX and X of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo and the Protocol of Queretaro," appendix I in Richard Griswold Castillo, The Treaty ofGuadalupe Hidalgo: A Legacy of Conflict (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990), 179.

11. The separate spheres ideology emerged in feminist scholarship of the 19605 and '705 to address the neglect of women's history by the male-defined American literary canon. These texts include Jane P. Tompkins, "Sentimental Power: Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Politics of Literary History" in Uncle Tom's Cabin: A Norton Critical Edition, ed. Elizabeth Ammons (New York: W. W. Norton, 1994), 501-522; Ann Douglas, The Femintzation of American Culture (New York: Anchor Books, 1977); Barbara Welter, "The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820-1860," American Quarterly 18 (Summer 1966): 151-174; Nina Baym, Women's Fiction: A Guide to Novels by and about Women in America, 1820-1870 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1978); Jane Tompkins, Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction, 1790-1860 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985).

12. Amy Kaplan, "Manifest Domesticity," in No More Separate Spheres!: A New Wave American Studies Reader, ed. Cathy N. Davidson and Jessamyn Hatcher (Durham: Duke University Press, 2002), 183.

13. According to José limon in the introduction to Caballero, Gonzalez must have asked Eve Raleigh (pseudonym for Margaret Eimer) to coauthor the manuscript because of the racial and political climate of 19405 south Texas. As a public school teacher in Corpus Christi, he argues, Gonzalez was probably concerned about the reception of her novel's political critique of Anglo-American domination. Limon also argues that Eimer had a strong authorial role in shaping the romantic plot development of Caballero but with the active participation of Gonzalez (Limon, Caballero, xxviii-xxi); Garza-Falcon similarly explains-based on her interview with Austin historian Marta Cotera on March 8,1993-diat Eve Raleigh served as Gonzalez's coauthor mainly to get the manuscript published. Yet, differently from Limon, Garza-Falcon recalls from her interview with Cotera that Raleigh probably contributed at most some editorial comments and suggestions to the novel Based on close examination of the prose style of the correspondence between Eve Raleigh and Gonzalez, as well as Eve Raleigh's personal letters, Garza-Falcon concludes that Raleigh must have served only as an editor rather than as an author who, as Limon argues, largely contributed to shaping the romantic plot of the novel (Garza-Falcôn, Gente Décente, 111-113).