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CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS RESEARCH: A RESOURCE FOR COUPLE AND FAMILY THERAPISTS
Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, Jan 2004 by Hendrick, Susan S
As mentioned briefly, Contreras et al. (1996) assessed community married couples (84 in all) recruited through network sampling. Thirty couples were Anglo American and 54 couples were Mexican American. Based on scores on the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans (ARSMA; Cuellar, Harris, & Jasso, 1980), the Mexican American couples were further divided into two groups, bicultural (feeling comfortable in both Anglo and Mexican cultures) and Hispanic-oriented (feeling more comfortable in the Mexican culture). When compared, the three ethnic groups differed on three of the six love styles (Ludus, Pragma, Mania), but only for Ludus did the Anglo couples differ from both Hispanic groups. Hispanic couples disagreed less with game-playing than did Anglo couples. For Pragma, Hispanic-oriented couples were more endorsing than the other two groups, and for Mania, bicultural couples were slightly more endorsing than Anglo couples. Overall, the groups were quite similar in their love styles, strongly agreeing with passionate, friendship-oriented, and altruistic aspects of love. And when using the love styles to predict relationship satisfaction for the groups (Anglo American, Bicultural, and Hispanic-oriented wives and husbands), "Passionate love was the most consistent predictor of marital satisfaction for both wives and husbands, across all ethnic categories" (Contreras et al., 1996, p. 412). Standardized Beta values ranged from .31 to .65 for Eros, and variance accounted for from 40% to 65% of the variance for the six groups (Anglo American, Bicultural, and Hispanic-oriented wives and husbands). The other love styles were less consistent predictors, with Ludus a negative predictor of satisfaction for Hispanic-oriented husbands, Storge a positive predictor for Anglo American husbands, Pragma a negative predictor for Bicultural wives and Anglo-American husbands, Mania a negative predictor for Anglo American husbands, and Agape a positive predictor for Anglo American and Hispanic-oriented wives and Hispanic-oriented husbands.
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In another study, Sokolski surveyed 160 married couples in which one or both partners were medical, law, or graduate students (Sokolski & Hendrick, 1999). Although the focus of the study was on dual-career and family work issues, love styles were of interest also. Marital partners showed strong similarity on most of the love styles (especially Eros, Ludus, Storge, and Pragma), and three love styles were associated positively with relationship satisfaction for both husbands and wives, respectively (Eros [r = .60 and .63], Storge [r = .25 and .17], and Agape [r = .31 and .29]). Ludus (r = -.49 and -.45) was associated negatively with satisfaction. Hierarchical regressions used commitment in the first step, spousal support in the second step, and Eros, Ludus, and sexual satisfaction in the third step. "The final model indicated that all five variables were significant predictors of satisfaction: Commitment,[beta] = .35; spousal support, [beta] = .71; passionate love (Eros), [beta] = .18; game-playing love (Ludus),[beta] = -.17; and sexual satisfaction, [beta] = .13 (all significant atp
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