Another ceiling? Can males compete for traditionally female jobs? - includes appendix

Journal of Management,  Sept-Oct, 1997  by Leanne E. Atwater,  David D. Van Fleet

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Appendix

Summary of Z-Tests for Testing Hypotheses 1 through 4

                                                     Z-Test Sig.

Hypothesis 1.

1. Dependent Variable - Proportion of subjects
selecting female first when Applicant Gender
Unknown

Contrast - Male versus Female Raters                     n.s.

2. Dependent Variable - Proportion of subjects
selecting female first when Applicant Gender
Known

Contrast - Male versus Female Raters                     n.s.

3. Dependent Variable - Proportion of subjects
selecting female first when Applicant and
Subordinates' Genders Known

Contrast - Male versus Female Raters                     n.s.

Hypothesis 2A

1. Dependent Variable - Proportion of subjects
selecting female first for Dean's job

Contrast - Applicant Gender Unknown versus
Applicant Gender Known                             p [less than] .05

2. Dependent Variable - Proportion of subjects
selecting female first for Dean's job

Contrast - Applicant Gender Unknown versus
both Applicant and Subordinates' Genders Known     p [less than] .05

Hypothesis 2B

1. Dependent Variable - Proportion of subjects
selecting female first for Coordinator's job

Contrast - Applicant Gender Unknown versus
Applicant Gender Known                             p [less than] .05

2. Dependent Variable - Proportion of subjects
selecting female first for Coordinator's job

Contrast - Applicant Gender Unknown versus
both Applicant and Subordinates' Genders Known     p [less than] .05

Hypothesis 2C

1. Dependent Variable - Proportion of subjects
selecting female first when Applicant Gender
is Known

Contrast - Dean versus Coordinator                       n.s.

2. Dependent Variable - Proportion of
subjects selecting female first when both
Applicant and Subordinate Genders Known

Contrast - Dean versus Coordinator                       n.s.

Hypothesis 3

1. Dependent Variable - Proportion of subjects
selecting female first for Dean's job

Contrast - Applicant Gender Known versus both
Applicant and Subordinates' Genders Known                n.s.

2. Dependent Variable - Proportion of subjects
selecting female first for Coordinator's job

Contrast - Applicant Gender Known versus both
Applicant and Subordinates' Genders Known                n.s

Hypothesis 4

1. Dependent Variable - Proportion of subjects
selecting female first for Dean's job

Contrast - Rater with Management Experience
versus No Experience                               p [less than] .05

2. Dependent Variable - Proportion of subjects
selecting female first for Coordinator's job.

Contrast - Rarer with Management Experience
versus No Experience                                     n.s.

Notes

1. Twenty-eight subjects did not indicate their gender and twenty-two did not complete the question regarding management experience.

2. We obtained the male to female faculty ratios for 20 schools of Social Work in the U.S. The proportions of women ranged from 41% for faculty only to 93% when faculty and staff were considered. We, therefore, concluded that this scenario was acceptable.