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A. L. Lloyd and Reynardine: authenticity and authorship in the afterlife of a British broadside ballad

Folklore, Dec, 2004 by Stephen D. Winick

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[12] Walt Disney understood this, and made Robin Hood a fox.

[13] Most broadsides give "they lost their former dye" rather than "the lass of Firmadie." The aural similarity of the two lines is a tantalising indication of early oral transmission.

[14] Lycanthropy strictly refers to werewolves, but like Lloyd I use it to refer to animal transformation.

[15] This mode of reference, in which Lloyd's new song borrows resonances of meaning from the pre-existing system of signification of folk songs, is precisely what Julia Kristeva referred to as intertextuality (Kristeva 1980, 15).

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[16] The obscure broadside line "brought up in Venus's train" could qualify as mysterious, but Lloyd omitted it from the 1950s version he praised for "preserving the mystery!"

[17] Lloyd's doubtful claims about sources for some of his songs could have been worse; by claiming he had written songs he had actually collected, he could have falsely laid claim to royalties.

[18] These are personal opinions, but I suspect that they would be shared widely in both revival and scholarly circles.

[19] At least in the 1970s. In 2002, he said: "'Reynardine ... never convinced me. Too much Bert Lloyd!" (Hinton and Wall 2002, 126).

References Cited

Aarne, Antti and Stith Thompson. The Types of the Folktale. F F Communications 184. 4th printing. Helsinki: Academia Scientarium Fennica, 1987. First published 1961.

Anderson, Robert. Ballads in the Cumberland Dialect, With Notes and a Glossary and an Essay on the Manners and Customs of the Cumberland Peasantry, by Thomas Sanderson. Carlisle: H. K. Snowden, 1828.

Armstrong, Frankie. "On Singing Child Ballads." In Ballads into Books, ed. Sigrid Rieuwerts and Tom Cheeseman. 249-58. Bern: Peter Lang, 1997.

Arthur, Dave. "A. L. Lloyd in Australia." Root & Branch 1 (1999): 10-13.

Balteau, J., M. Barroux, and M. Prevost, ed. Dictionnaire de Biographie Francaise. Vol. 1-. Paris: Letouzey et Ane, 1933-.

Belden, H. M. "'Rinordine,' Irish Song." Notes and Queries 10 S. VIII (1907): 468.

Belden, H. M., ed. Ballads and Songs Collected by the Missouri Folk-Lore Society. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri, 1940.

Bendix, Regina. In Search of Authenticity. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1997.

Bodleian Library. Bodleian Ballad Catalogue. Harding B 25 [1273]. Oxford: Bodleain Library.

Brewster, Paul G. "More Indiana Ballads and Songs." Southern Folklore Quarterly 5, no. 3 (1941): 169-90.

Briggs, Katharine M. A Dictionary of British Folk-Tales. Part A. Folk Narratives. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970.

Campbell, Joseph [MacCathmhaoil, Seosamh]. The Mountainy Singer. Dublin: Maunsel, 1909.

Chappell, Louis W., ed. Folk-songs of Roanoke and the Albemarle. Morgantown, W. Virg.: The Ballad Press, 1939.

Child, Francis James, ed. English and Scottish Ballads. vol. 1. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1860.

--. "Ballad Poetry." In Johnson's New Universal Cyclopaedia, ed. Rossiter Johnson. vol 1. 464-8. New York: Alvin Johnson and Son, 1900.

A. L. Lloyd and Reynardine: authenticity and authorship in the afterlife of a British broadside ballad

Folklore, Dec, 2004 by Stephen D. Winick

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