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Black Housing, White Finance: African American Housing And Home Ownership In Evanston, Illinois, Before 1940 - Statistical Data Included
Journal of Social History, Winter, 1999 by Andrew Wiese
(4.) Non-white home ownership, 1940 (city vs. suburban ring): Chicago 7 percent: 25 percent; Kansas City 15:49; St. Louis, 7:43; Los Angeles, 24:34; Detroit, 15:49; Philadelphia, 10:28. 16th Census of the United States: 1940, Housing, volume II, General Characteristics (Washington, 1943).
(5.) For socio-economic characteristics of early black suburbanites, see Reynolds Farley, "The Changing Distribution of Negroes within Metropolitan Areas: The Emergence of Black Suburbs," American journal of Sociology 75 (Jan. 1970): 333-351; Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940, General Characteristics of the Population, by States (Washington, 1943), 621.
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(6.) Harold Connally, "Black Movement into the Suburbs: Suburbs Doubling Their Black Populations during the 1960's," Urban Affairs Quarterly 9 (Sept. 1973): 93.
(7.) Fourteenth Census of the United States: 1920, vol. III, Composition and Characteristics of the Population by States (Washington, 1923); Fifteenth Census of the United States: 1930, General Characteristics of the Population, by States (Washington, 1932). For diversity in early commuter suburbs, see Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985), 99-102.
(8.) Sixteenth Census of the U.S: 1940, Housing, Volume 11, General Characteristics (Washington, 1943), tables 1 and 22.
(9.) Statistics for 1920 are based on a total sample of black households listed in manuscript census schedules on 28 blocks in Evanston's west side, including 229 households, and 684 individuals (27% of Evanston's total black population). "Non-white" home ownership in 1920:31 percent, 1930:33 percent, 1940: 26 percent. 30 percent of Evanston whites were home owners in 1940. Fourteenth Census of the United States: 1920, Census Schedules, Evanston Township, Illinois, Reel 358. For home ownership among long-term residents see David Bruner, "A General Survey of the Negro Population of Evanston," (Senior thesis, Northwestern University, 1924), 26, 33; Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940, Housing: volume II, General Characteristics (Washington, 1943), 763; ibid, Block Statistics, Evanston, Illinois (Washington, 1943), 8-9; Seventeenth Census of the United States: 1950, Housing, vol. III, Block Statistics, Evanston, Illinois, (Washington, 1952), 6-7.
(10.) Sixteenth Census of the U.S: 1940, Housing, tables I and 22
(11.) Kevin Barry Leonard, "Paternalism and the Rise of a Black Community in Evanston, Illinois: 1870-1930," (Masters Thesis, Northwestern University, 1982).
(12.) Michael Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988).
(13.) Leonard, "Paternalism and the Rise of a Black Community"; Thirteenth Census of the United States: 1910, Population, Vol. 11, General Characteristics (Washington, 1912). In 1920, approximately 84 percent of African American adults in Evanston were southern born--66 percent from the deep South. Natives of Illinois made up 4 percent. Fourteenth Census of the United States: 1920, Census Schedules; for chain migration from Abbeville, South Carolina see Bruner, "A General Survey." For Evanston and the North Shore, see Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore, 234-236.
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