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It's your choice: after reading the feature articles in this environmental theme issue, choose the correct answer to each question
Science World, April 18, 2003
1 Petroleum is a liquid mix of A. hydrogen fluorides. B. hydrocarbons. C. hydrogen sulfates. D. hydrogen chlorides. 2 Which one of these strategies is not used to remove an oil spill from seawater? A. lassoing a spill with nets called booms B. spraying it with chemical dispersants C. dousing it with enormous quantities of ice water D. setting it afire 3 Which one of these processes doesn't break down oil in seawater? A. oxidation B. emulsification C. biodegradation D. hydrolysis 4 In order to prevent future oil spills, by 2010 new tankers must contain A. GPS systems. B. single hulls of reinforced steel. C. double hulls. B. aluminum oil tanks. 5 Which factor makes the Prestige oil cleanup so difficult? A. The oil is heavy and tarlike, used as fuel for ships. B. Ocean currents have spread the spill northward along the entire French coast. C. A shortage of workers can't clean all affected wildlife. D. Fishermen continue to overfish the damaged ecosystem. 6 Refer to the line graph on page 10. By approximately what percentage did average auto fuel-efficiency increase between 1977 and 2001? A. 20 B. 40 C. 60 D. 80 7 Refer to the pie chart on page 10. What percentage of C[O.sub.2] emissions results from the "Rest of the World"? A. 40 B. 42.5 C. 45 D. 48.5 8 A fuel cell is powered by A. liquid oxygen. B. hydrogen gas. C. purified water. D. carbon dioxide. 9 In a chemical reaction, oxidation means A. one element gains electrons from another. B. one element loses electrons to another. C. the reaction involves the element oxygen. D. the reaction involves the equal exchange of electrons. 10 Which of the following is not a byproduct of burning fossil fuels A. sulfur dioxide B. nitrogen oxide C. carbon dioxide D. sodium chloride 11 The process by which sunlight activates a silicon-alloy cell to release electricity is called A. photovoltaic (PV) technology. B. solar-thermal technology. C. fuel-cell energy. D. nuclear electric power. 12 Ocean tides rise and fall as a result of the gravitational pull between A. only the sun and Earth. B. only the moon and Earth. C. the sun, moon, and Earth. D. the solar system and Earth. 13 Tidal power is only practical A. at the mouths of river deltas. B. on deep seafloors. C. on coastlines with very high tides. D. in countries near the Arctic Circle. 14 One downside of wind farms is that they A. emit small amounts of air pollutants. B. require vast amounts of land. g. need turbines at least 100 meters high. D. require warm winds in order to be effective. TAKE IT FURTHER 1 "Recharge!" examines three non-polluting renewable energy sources. Research two other such energy sources and report on how they work. 2 A combustion engine burns gasoline for mechanical energy. A fuel cell converts hydrogen to electrical energy. Create a flow chart comparing the two energy forms. What are other ways each type of energy is used? 1. b 2. c 3. d 4. c 5. a 6. c 7. d 8. b 9. b 10.d 11. a 12. c 13. c 14. b
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