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Business Services Industry
Notes on current labor statistics
Monthly Labor Review, June, 2005
27. Annual data: Employment status of the population
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status 1994 (1) 1995 1996
Civilian noninstitutional population 196,814 198,584 200,591
Civilian labor force 131,056 132,304 133,943
Labor force participation rate 66.6 66.6 66.8
Employed 123,060 124,900 126,708
Employment-population ratio 62.5 62.9 63.2
Unemployed 7,996 7,404 7,236
Unemployment rate 6.1 5.6 5.4
Not in the labor force 65,758 66,280 66,647
Employment status 1997 (1) 1998 (1) 1999 (1)
Civilian noninstitutional population 203,133 205,220 207,753
Civilian labor force 136,297 137,673 139,368
Labor force participation rate 67.1 67.1 67.1
Employed 129,558 131,463 133,488
Employment-population ratio 63.8 64.1 64.3
Unemployed 6,739 6,210 5,880
Unemployment rate 4.9 4.5 4.2
Not in the labor force 66,836 67,547 68,385
Employment status 2000 (1) 2001 2002
Civilian noninstitutional population 212,577 215,092 217,570
Civilian labor force 142,583 143,734 144,863
Labor force participation rate 67.1 66.8 66.6
Employed 136,891 136,933 136,485
Employment-population ratio 64.4 63.7 62.7
Unemployed 5,692 6,801 8,378
Unemployment rate 4.0 4.7 5.8
Not in the labor force 69,994 71,359 72,707
Employment status 2003 2004
Civilian noninstitutional population 221,168 223,357
Civilian labor force 146,510 147,401
Labor force participation rate 66.2 66.0
Employed 137,736 139,252
Employment-population ratio 62.3 62.3
Unemployed 8,774 8,149
Unemployment rate 6.0 5.5
Not in the labor force 74,658 75,956
(1) Not strictly comparable with prior years.
28. Annual data: Employment levels by industry
[In thousands]
Industry 1994 1995 1996
Total private employment 95,016 97,866 100,169
Total nonfarm employment 114,291 117,298 119,708
Goods-producing 22,774 23,156 23,410
Natural resources and mining 659 641 637
Construction 5,095 5,274 5,536
Manufacturing 17,021 17,241 17,237
Private service-providing 72,242 74,710 76,759
Trade, transportation, and utilities 23,128 23,834 24,239
Wholesale trade 5,247 5,433 5,522
Retail trade 13,491 13,897 14,143
Transportation and warehousing 3,701 3,838 3,935
Utilities 689.30 666.20 639.60
Information 2,738 2,843 2,940
Financial activities 6,867 6,827 6,969
Professional and business services 12,174 12,844 13,462
Education and health services 12,807 13,289 13,683
Leisure and hospitality 10,100 10,501 10,777
Other services 4,428 4,572 4,690
Government 19,275 19,432 19,539
Industry 1997 1998 1999
Total private employment 103,113 106,021 108,686
Total nonfarm employment 122,770 125,930 128,993
Goods-producing 23,886 24,354 24,465
Natural resources and mining 654 645 598
Construction 5,813 6,149 6,545
Manufacturing 17,419 17,560 17,322
Private service-providing 79,227 81,667 84,221
Trade, transportation, and utilities 24,700 25,186 25,771
Wholesale trade 5,664 5,795 5,893
Retail trade 14,389 14,609 14,970
Transportation and warehousing 4,027 4,168 4,300
Utilities 620.90 613.40 608.50
Information 3.084 3,218 3,419
Financial activities 7,178 7,462 7,648
Professional and business services 14,335 15,147 15,957
Education and health services 14,087 14,446 14,798
Leisure and hospitality 11,018 11,232 11,543
Other services 4,825 4,976 5,087
Government 19,664 19,909 20,307
Industry 2000 2001 2002
Total private employment 110,996 110,707 108,828
Total nonfarm employment 131,785 131,826 130,341
Goods-producing 24,649 23,873 22,557
Natural resources and mining 599 606 583
Construction 6,787 6,826 6,716
Manufacturing 17,263 16,441 15,259
Private service-providing 86,346 86,834 86,271
Trade, transportation, and utilities 26,225 25,983 25,497
Wholesale trade 5,933 5,773 5,652
Retail trade 15,280 15,239 15,025
Transportation and warehousing 4,410 4,372 4,224
Utilities 601.30 599.40 596.20
Information 3,631 3,629 3,395
Financial activities 7,687 7,807 7,847
Professional and business services 16,666 16,476 15,976
Education and health services 15,109 15,645 16,199
Leisure and hospitality 11,862 12,036 11,986
Other services 5,168 5,258 5,372
Government 20,790 21,118 21,513
Industry 2003 2004
Total private employment 108,416 109,862
Total nonfarm employment 129,999 131,480
Goods-producing 21,816 21,884
Natural resources and mining 572 591
Construction 6,735 6,964
Manufacturing 14,510 14,329
Private service-providing 86,599 87,978
Trade, transportation, and utilities 25,287 25,510
Wholesale trade 5,608 5,655
Retail trade 14,917 15,035
Transportation and warehousing 4,185 4,250
Utilities 577.00 570.20
Information 3,188 3,138
Financial activities 7,977 8,052
Professional and business services 15,987 16,414
Education and health services 16,588 16,954
Leisure and hospitality 12,173 12,479
Other services 5,401 5,431
Government 21,583 21,618
29. Annual data: Average hours and earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls, by industry
Industry 1994 1995 1996
Private sector:
Average weekly hours 34.5 34.3 34.3
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 11.32 11.64 12.03
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 390.73 399.53 412.74
Goods-producing:
Average weekly hours 41.1 40.8 40.8
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 12.63 12.96 13.38
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 519.58 528.62 546.48
Natural resources and miningAverage
weekly hours 45.3 45.3 46.0
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 14.41 14.78 15.10
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 653.14 670.32 695.07
Construction:
Average weekly hours 38.8 38.8 38.9
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 14.38 14.73 15.11
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 558.53 571.57 588.48
Manufacturing:
Average weekly hours 41.7 41.3 41.3
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 12.04 12.34 12.75
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 502.12 509.26 526.55
Private service-providing:
Average weekly hours 32.7 32.6 32.6
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 10.87 11.19 11.57
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 354.97 364.14 376.72
Trade, transportation, and utilities:
Average weekly hours 34.3 34.1 34.1
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 10.80 11.10 11.46
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 370.38 378.79 390.64
Wholesale trade:
Average weekly hours 38.8 38.6 38.6
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 12.93 13.34 13.80
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 501.17 515.14 533.29
Retail trade:
Average weekly hours 30.9 30.8 30.7
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 8.61 8.85 9.21
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 501.17 515.14 533.29
Transportation and warehousing:
Average weekly hours 39.5 38.9 39.1
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 12.84 13.18 13.45
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 507.27 513.37 525.60
Utilities:
Average weekly hours 42.3 42.3 42.0
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 18.66 19.19 19.78
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 789.98 811.52 830.74
Information:
Average weekly hours 36.0 36.0 36.4
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 15.32 15.68 16.30
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 551.28 564.98 592.68
Financial activities:
Average weekly hours 35.5 35.5 35.5
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 11.82 12.28 12.71
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 419.20 436.12 451.49
Professional and business services:
Average weekly hours 34.1 34.0 34.1
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 12.15 12.53 13.00
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 414.16 426.44 442.81
Education and health services:
Average weekly hours 32.0 32.0 31.9
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 11.50 11.80 12.17
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 368.14 377.73 388.27
Leisure and hospitality:
Average weekly hours 26.0 25.9 25.9
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 6.46 6.62 6.82
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 168.00 171.43 176.48
Other services:
Average weekly hours 32.7 32.6 32.5
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 10.18 10.51 10.85
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 332.44 342.36 352.62
Industry 1997 1998 1999
Private sector:
Average weekly hours 34.5 34.5 34.3
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 12.49 13.00 13.47
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 431.25 448.04 462.49
Goods-producing:
Average weekly hours 41.1 40.8 40.8
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 13.82 14.23 14.71
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 568.43 580.99 599.99
Natural resources and miningAverage
weekly hours 46.2 44.9 44.2
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 15.57 16.20 16.33
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 720.11 727.28 721.74
Construction:
Average weekly hours 38.9 38.8 39.0
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 15.67 16.23 16.80
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 609.48 629.75 655.11
Manufacturing:
Average weekly hours 41.7 41.4 41.4
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 13.14 13.45 13.85
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 548.22 557.12 573.17
Private service-providing:
Average weekly hours 32.8 32.8 32.7
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 12.05 12.59 13.07
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 394.77 412.78 427.30
Trade, transportation, and utilities:
Average weekly hours 34.3 34.2 33.9
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 11.90 12.39 12.82
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 407.57 423.30 434.31
Wholesale trade:
Average weekly hours 38.8 38.6 38.6
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 14.41 15.07 15.62
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 559.39 582.21 602.77
Retail trade:
Average weekly hours 30.9 30.9 30.8
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 9.59 10.05 10.45
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 559.39 582.21 602.77
Transportation and warehousing:
Average weekly hours 39.4 38.7 37.6
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 13.78 14.12 14.55
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 542.55 546.86 547.97
Utilities:
Average weekly hours 42.0 42.0 42.0
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 20.59 21.48 22.03
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 865.26 902.94 924.59
Information:
Average weekly hours 36.3 36.6 36.7
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 17.14 17.67 18.40
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 622.40 646.52 675.32
Financial activities:
Average weekly hours 35.7 36.0 35.8
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 13.22 13.93 14.47
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 472.37 500.95 517.57
Professional and business services:
Average weekly hours 34.3 34.3 34.4
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 13.57 14.27 14.85
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 465.51 490.00 510.99
Education and health services:
Average weekly hours 32.2 32.2 32.1
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 12.56 13.00 13.44
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 404.65 418.82 431.35
Leisure and hospitality:
Average weekly hours 26.0 26.2 26.1
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 7.13 7.48 7.76
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 185.81 195.82 202.87
Other services:
Average weekly hours 32.7 32.6 32.5
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 11.29 11.79 12.26
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 368.63 384.25 398.77
Industry 2000 2001 2002
Private sector:
Average weekly hours 34.3 34.0 33.9
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 14.00 14.53 14.95
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 480.41 493.20 506.07
Goods-producing:
Average weekly hours 40.7 39.9 39.9
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 15.27 15.78 16.33
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 621.86 630.04 651.61
Natural resources and miningAverage
weekly hours 44.4 44.6 43.2
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 16.55 17.00 17.19
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 734.92 757.92 741.97
Construction:
Average weekly hours 39.2 38.7 38.4
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 17.48 18.00 18.52
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 685.78 695.89 711.82
Manufacturing:
Average weekly hours 41.3 40.3 40.5
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 14.32 14.76 15.29
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 590.65 595.19 618.75
Private service-providing:
Average weekly hours 32.7 32.5 32.5
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 13.60 14.16 14.56
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 445.00 460.32 472.88
Trade, transportation, and utilities:
Average weekly hours 33.8 33.5 33.6
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 13.31 13.70 14.02
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 449.88 459.53 471.27
Wholesale trade:
Average weekly hours 38.8 38.4 38.0
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 16.28 16.77 16.98
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 631.40 643.45 644.38
Retail trade:
Average weekly hours 30.7 30.7 30.9
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 10.86 11.29 11.67
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 631.40 643.45 644.38
Transportation and warehousing:
Average weekly hours 37.4 36.7 36.8
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 15.05 15.33 15.76
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 562.31 562.70 579.75
Utilities:
Average weekly hours 42.0 41.4 40.9
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 22.75 23.58 23.96
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 955.66 977.18 979.09
Information:
Average weekly hours 36.8 36.9 36.5
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 19.07 19.80 20.20
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 700.89 731.11 738.17
Financial activities:
Average weekly hours 35.9 35.8 35.6
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 14.98 15.59 16.17
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 537.37 558.02 575.51
Professional and business services:
Average weekly hours 34.5 34.2 34.2
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 15.52 16.33 16.81
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 535.07 557.84 574.66
Education and health services:
Average weekly hours 32.2 32.3 32.4
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 13.95 14.64 15.21
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 449.29 473.39 492.74
Leisure and hospitality:
Average weekly hours 26.1 25.8 25.8
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 8.11 8.35 8.58
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 211.79 215.19 221.26
Other services:
Average weekly hours 32.5 32.3 32.0
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 12.73 13.27 13.72
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 413.41 428.64 439.76
Industry 2003 2004
Private sector:
Average weekly hours 33.7 33.7
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 15.35 15.67
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 517.30 528.56
Goods-producing:
Average weekly hours 39.8 40.0
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 16.80 17.19
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 669.13 688.03
Natural resources and miningAverage
weekly hours 43.6 44.5
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 17.56 18.08
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 765.94 804.03
Construction:
Average weekly hours 38.4 38.3
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 18.95 19.23
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 726.83 735.70
Manufacturing:
Average weekly hours 40.4 40.8
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 15.74 16.14
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 635.99 658.53
Private service-providing:
Average weekly hours 32.4 32.3
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 14.96 15.26
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 483.89 493.67
Trade, transportation, and utilities:
Average weekly hours 33.6 33.5
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 14.34 14.59
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 481.14 488.58
Wholesale trade:
Average weekly hours 37.9 37.8
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 17.36 17.66
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) -657.3 666.93
Retail trade:
Average weekly hours 30.9 30.7
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 11.90 12.08
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 657.29 666.93
Transportation and warehousing:
Average weekly hours 36.8 37.2
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 16.25 16.53
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 598.41 614.90
Utilities:
Average weekly hours 41.1 40.9
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 24.77 25.62
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 1,017 1,049
Information:
Average weekly hours 36.2 36.3
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 21.01 21.42
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 760.81 777.42
Financial activities:
Average weekly hours 35.5 35.5
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 17.14 17.53
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 609.08 622.99
Professional and business services:
Average weekly hours 34.1 34.2
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 17.21 17.46
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 587.02 596.96
Education and health services:
Average weekly hours 32.3 32.4
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 15.64 16.16
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 505.69 523.83
Leisure and hospitality:
Average weekly hours 25.6 25.7
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 8.76 8.91
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 224.30 228.63
Other services:
Average weekly hours 31.4 31.0
Average hourly earnings (in dollars) 13.84 13.98
Average weekly earnings (in dollars) 434.41 433.04
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2002 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAILS), replacing the
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. NAILS-based data by
industry are not comparable with SIC-based data.
30. Employment Cost Index, compensation, (1) by occupation and industry
group
[June 1989 = 100]
2003
Series Mar. June Sept.
Civilian workers (2) 164.5 165.8 167.6
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 166.7 167.9 169.9
Professional specialty and technical 164.1 165.0 167.0
Executive, adminitrative, and
managerial 171.1 172.0 174.0
Administrative support, including
clerical 168.3 170.0 171.7
Blue-collar workers 159.8 161.4 162.9
Service occupations 164.1 165.0 166.8
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing 163.1 164.6 165.8
Manufacturing 164.0 165.4 166.5
Service-producing 165.0 166.2 168.2
Services 165.3 166.3 168.5
Health services 166.4 167.6 169.3
Hospitals 169.9 170.8 173.1
Educational services 163.6 164.2 166.9
Public administration (3) 163.4 164.3 167.3
Nonmanufacturing 164.5 165.8 167.8
Private industry workers 165.0 166.4 168.1
Excluding sales occupations 165.1 166.6 168.1
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 168.1 169.4 171.2
Excluding sales occupations 169.1 170.4 172.1
Professional specialty and technical
occupations 166.5 167.7 169.4
Executive, adminitrative, and
managerial occupations 172.1 173.1 175.0
Sales occupations 163.5 165.1 167.2
Administrative support occupations,
including clerical 169.0 170.9 172.3
Blue-collar workers 159.7 161.4 162.8
Precision production, craft, and
repair occupations 160.0 162.0 163.1
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors 159.9 161.1 162.6
Transportation and material moving
occupations 153.2 155.1 156.7
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 164.9 166.8 168.6
Service occupations 161.7 162.6 163.8
Production and nonsupervisory
occupations (4) 162.6 164.1 165.7
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing 163.0 164.5 165.7
Excluding sales occupations 162.4 163.8 165.0
White-collar occupations 167.8 169.2 170.1
Excluding sales occupations 166.3 167.5 168.5
Blue-collar occupations 159.9 161.5 162.9
Construction 159.1 161.1 162.3
Manufacturing 164.0 165.4 166.5
White-collar occupations 167.1 168.7 169.5
Excluding sales occupations 165.1 166.4 167.4
Blue-collar occupations 161.6 162.8 164.1
Durables 164.4 165.5 166.6
Nondurables 163.1 164.9 166.0
Service-producing 165.6 167.0 168.8
Excluding sales occupations 166.6 168.0 169.7
White-collar occupations 167.9 169.2 171.2
Excluding sales occupations 169.9 171.3 173.1
Blue-collar occupations 158.7 160.8 162.2
Service occupations 161.1 162.0 163.2
Transportation and public utilities 163.2 165.4 166.5
Transportation 157.8 158.9 159.4
Public utilities 170.5 174.2 176.4
Communications 171.3 175.5 178.4
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services 169.5 172.6 173.8
Wholesale and retail trade 161.3 162.5 164.3
Excluding sales occupations 161.8 162.7 165.0
Wholesale trade 169.5 171.3 172.0
Excluding sales occupations 168.4 169.9 171.2
Retail trade 156.6 157.4 159.9
General merchandise stores 156.4 159.2 161.2
Food stores 157.5 158.6 159.3
Finance, insurance, and real estate 176.7 178.3 180.2
Excluding sales occupations 182.0 184.0 1,853.0
Banking, savings and loan, and
other credit agencies 204.3 206.3 207.6
Insurance 172.1 173.9 175.1
Services 167.1 168.4 170.4
Business services 168.5 169.2 171.9
Health services 166.5 167.9 169.4
Hospitals 170.8 171.9 173.9
Educational services 176.3 177.1 180.2
Colleges and universities 174.5 175.4 178.4
Nonmanufacturing 164.9 166.4 168.1
White-collar workers 168.0 169.3 171.2
Excluding sales occupations 170.0 171.4 173.2
Blue-collar occupations 157.5 159.7 161.1
Service occupations 161.1 162.0 163.2
State and local government workers 162.6 163.2 165.9
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 161.7 162.2 164.9
Professional specialty and
technical 160.2 160.8 163.4
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 165.3 165.7 168.0
Administrative support, including
clerical 163.8 164.4 167.9
Blue-collar workers 161.3 161.7 163.6
Workers, by industry division:
Services 161.8 162.3 164.9
Services excluding schools (5) 164.0 164.2 166.8
Health services 166.4 166.7 169.5
Hospitals 167.0 167.3 170.3
Educational services 161.1 161.7 164.3
Schools 161.4 162.0 164.7
Elementary and secondary 159.4 160.0 163.0
Colleges and universities 167.0 167.5 169.2
Public administration (3) 163.4 164.3 167.3
2003 2004
Series Dec. Mar. June
Civilian workers (2) 168.4 170.7 172.2
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 170.7 172.7 174.0
Professional specialty and technical 168.0 170.2 171.2
Executive, adminitrative, and
managerial 174.9 175.8 177.1
Administrative support, including
clerical 172.5 175.3 177.2
Blue-collar workers 163.7 166.9 168.8
Service occupations 167.9 169.7 170.9
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing 166.8 170.4 171.9
Manufacturing 167.1 171.7 173.2
Service-producing 169.1 170.8 172.3
Services 169.5 171.2 172.3
Health services 170.7 173.0 174.4
Hospitals 174.8 176.8 178.2
Educational services 167.6 168.5 168.9
Public administration (3) 168.1 170.1 171.4
Nonmanufacturing 168.6 170.4 171.8
Private industry workers 168.8 171.4 173.0
Excluding sales occupations 169.0 171.6 173.2
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 172.0 174.2 175.7
Excluding sales occupations 173.0 175.3 176.7
Professional specialty and technical
occupations 170.5 173.4 174.7
Executive, adminitrative, and
managerial occupations 175.9 176.8 178.1
Sales occupations 167.1 169.2 171.2
Administrative support occupations,
including clerical 173.2 176.1 178.1
Blue-collar workers 163.6 166.9 168.8
Precision production, craft, and
repair occupations 164.2 167.1 169.1
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors 163.2 168.7 170.5
Transportation and material moving
occupations 156.9 158.5 160.6
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 169.5 171.7 173.2
Service occupations 164.3 166.9 168.2
Production and nonsupervisory
occupations (4) 166.6 169.3 171.0
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing 166.5 170.3 171.8
Excluding sales occupations 165.9 169.8 171.2
White-collar occupations 170.5 173.5 174.7
Excluding sales occupations 169.2 172.2 173.3
Blue-collar occupations 163.9 168.1 169.8
Construction 163.3 164.6 165.9
Manufacturing 167.1 171.7 173.2
White-collar occupations 169.6 173.2 174.6
Excluding sales occupations 167.8 171.3 172.6
Blue-collar occupations 165.1 170.4 172.0
Durables 167.3 172.4 174.0
Nondurables 166.6 170.4 171.7
Service-producing 169.7 171.6 173.3
Excluding sales occupations 170.6 172.5 174.2
White-collar occupations 172.0 174.1 175.7
Excluding sales occupations 174.2 176.2 177.8
Blue-collar occupations 162.6 164.1 166.4
Service occupations 164.3 166.1 167.4
Transportation and public utilities 167.0 169.8 172.5
Transportation 159.6 162.0 164.7
Public utilities 177.0 180.4 183.1
Communications 179.0 182.2 183.6
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services 174.6 178.2 182.4
Wholesale and retail trade 165.0 166.3 168.1
Excluding sales occupations 165.9 167.4 168.6
Wholesale trade 172.0 173.8 175.9
Excluding sales occupations 171.3 173.7 174.0
Retail trade 161.0 162.1 163.7
General merchandise stores 165.6 165.8 166.2
Food stores 160.3 162.1 163.5
Finance, insurance, and real estate 180.9 182.5 183.6
Excluding sales occupations 186.1 186.6 188.7
Banking, savings and loan, and
other credit agencies 209.0 207.2 208.9
Insurance 176.2 177.8 180.5
Services 171.4 173.5 175.1
Business services 172.6 174.8 176.9
Health services 170.8 173.3 174.8
Hospitals 175.9 178.1 179.7
Educational services 181.3 183.1 184.2
Colleges and universities 179.4 181.2 182.5
Nonmanufacturing 169.0 170.9 172.5
White-collar workers 172.1 174.1 175.7
Excluding sales occupations 174.2 176.2 177.7
Blue-collar occupations 161.7 163.4 165.5
Service occupations 162.4 166.0 167.3
State and local government workers 166.8 168.0 168.7
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 165.7 166.8 167.5
Professional specialty and
technical 164.1 165.1 165.6
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 169.1 170.1 171.0
Administrative support, including
clerical 168.5 170.4 171.8
Blue-collar workers 165.2 166.7 167.5
Workers, by industry division:
Services 165.7 166.5 166.8
Services excluding schools (5) 168.2 169.4 170.1
Health services 171.0 172.2 172.9
Hospitals 171.4 172.4 173.2
Educational services 165.0 165.7 165.9
Schools 165.3 166.0 166.3
Elementary and secondary 163.7 164.4 164.6
Colleges and universities 170.0 170.7 171.0
Public administration (3) 168.1 170.1 171.4
2004 2005
Series Sept. Dec. Mar.
Civilian workers (2) 173.9 174.7 176.6
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 175.8 176.6 178.8
Professional specialty and technical 173.6 174.7 176.8
Executive, adminitrative, and
managerial 178.2 179.4 182.0
Administrative support, including
clerical 178.7 180.0 182.0
Blue-collar workers 170.1 170.9 172.4
Service occupations 172.7 173.6 174.9
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing 173.4 174.4 177.0
Manufacturing 174.9 175.4 178.2
Service-producing 174.0 174.7 176.5
Services 174.5 175.5 177.0
Health services 176.7 177.7 179.9
Hospitals 180.5 181.8 184.3
Educational services 171.8 172.9 173.9
Public administration (3) 174.1 175.4 177.6
Nonmanufacturing 173.5 174.4 176.1
Private industry workers 174.4 175.2 177.2
Excluding sales occupations 174.6 175.6 177.7
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 177.8 178.1 180.4
Excluding sales occupations 178.3 179.5 182.0
Professional specialty and technical
occupations 176.8 178.1 180.8
Executive, adminitrative, and
managerial occupations 179.2 180.2 183.0
Sales occupations 173.1 171.4 173.1
Administrative support occupations,
including clerical 179.4 180.7 182.8
Blue-collar workers 170.1 170.8 172.3
Precision production, craft, and
repair occupations 170.2 171.2 173.1
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors 172.2 172.5 173.3
Transportation and material moving
occupations 161.8 162.3 163.7
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 174.3 175.3 176.9
Service occupations 168.9 169.7 170.9
Production and nonsupervisory
occupations (4) 172.4 173.0 174.6
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing 173.3 174.3 176.9
Excluding sales occupations 172.5 173.7 176.3
White-collar occupations 176.4 177.8 182.2
Excluding sales occupations 174.5 176.4 180.9
Blue-collar occupations 171.3 172.0 173.4
Construction 167.0 167.3 169.1
Manufacturing 174.9 175.4 178.2
White-collar occupations 176.4 176.7 181.4
Excluding sales occupations 174.1 174.7 179.4
Blue-collar occupations 173.7 174.3 175.8
Durables 175.8 176.3 179.5
Nondurables 173.1 173.6 175.8
Service-producing 174.7 175.3 177.1
Excluding sales occupations 175.6 176.5 178.4
White-collar occupations 177.3 177.8 179.7
Excluding sales occupations 179.4 180.4 182.4
Blue-collar occupations 167.4 168.1 169.9
Service occupations 168.1 168.9 170.1
Transportation and public utilities 173.6 173.5 174.5
Transportation 166.2 166.2 165.5
Public utilities 183.6 183.4 186.9
Communications 183.6 183.5 186.0
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services 183.3 183.3 188.0
Wholesale and retail trade 169.1 169.1 170.9
Excluding sales occupations 169.6 170.4 172.3
Wholesale trade 177.8 176.6 179.1
Excluding sales occupations 175.3 176.3 179.2
Retail trade 164.2 164.7 166.2
General merchandise stores 168.8 169.5 172.3
Food stores 163.5 164.0 165.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate 184.8 186.0 188.9
Excluding sales occupations 190.9 191.2 194.3
Banking, savings and loan, and
other credit agencies 210.5 212.3 213.7
Insurance 182.1 183.6 186.3
Services 176.9 177.9 179.7
Business services 178.5 179.1 180.1
Health services 177.0 178.0 180.3
Hospitals 181.8 183.2 185.8
Educational services 187.0 188.5 190.0
Colleges and universities 185.2 186.2 187.6
Nonmanufacturing 173.9 174.7 176.5
White-collar workers 177.2 178.0 180.0
Excluding sales occupations 179.3 180.6 182.7
Blue-collar occupations 166.4 167.3 168.8
Service occupations 168.0 168.9 170.1
State and local government workers 171.5 172.6 174.1
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 170.0 171.2 172.6
Professional specialty and
technical 168.4 169.4 170.4
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 172.1 174.3 176.7
Administrative support, including
clerical 174.3 175.5 177.2
Blue-collar workers 169.9 171.0 172.6
Workers, by industry division:
Services 169.7 170.8 171.8
Services excluding schools (5) 173.0 173.8 175.6
Health services 175.7 176.8 178.9
Hospitals 176.3 177.4 179.1
Educational services 166.8 169.9 170.9
Schools 169.2 170.3 171.2
Elementary and secondary 168.0 169.2 169.8
Colleges and universities 172.4 173.2 175.1
Public administration (3) 174.1 175.4 177.6
Percent change
3 months 12 months
Series ended ended
Mar. 2005
Civilian workers (2) 1.1 3.5
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 1.2 3.5
Professional specialty and technical 1.2 3.9
Executive, adminitrative, and
managerial 1.4 3.5
Administrative support, including
clerical 1.1 3.8
Blue-collar workers .9 3.3
Service occupations .7 3.1
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing 1.5 3.9
Manufacturing 1.6 3.8
Service-producing 1.0 3.3
Services .9 3.4
Health services 1.2 4.0
Hospitals 1.4 4.2
Educational services .6 3.2
Public administration (3) 1.3 4.4
Nonmanufacturing 1.0 3.3
Private industry workers 1.1 3.4
Excluding sales occupations 1.2 3.6
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 1.3 3.6
Excluding sales occupations 1.4 3.8
Professional specialty and technical
occupations 1.5 4.3
Executive, adminitrative, and
managerial occupations 1.6 3.5
Sales occupations 1.0 2.3
Administrative support occupations,
including clerical 1.2 3.8
Blue-collar workers .9 3.2
Precision production, craft, and
repair occupations 1.1 3.6
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors .5 2.7
Transportation and material moving
occupations .9 3.3
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers .9 3.0
Service occupations .7 2.4
Production and nonsupervisory
occupations (4) .9 3.1
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing 1.5 3.9
Excluding sales occupations 1.5 3.8
White-collar occupations 2.5 5.0
Excluding sales occupations 2.6 5.1
Blue-collar occupations .8 3.2
Construction 1.1 2.7
Manufacturing 1.6 3.8
White-collar occupations 2.7 4.7
Excluding sales occupations 2.7 4.7
Blue-collar occupations .9 3.2
Durables 1.8 4.1
Nondurables 1.3 3.2
Service-producing 1.0 3.2
Excluding sales occupations 1.1 3.4
White-collar occupations 1.1 3.2
Excluding sales occupations 1.1 3.5
Blue-collar occupations 1.1 3.5
Service occupations .7 2.4
Transportation and public utilities .6 2.8
Transportation .4 2.2
Public utilities 1.9 3.6
Communications 1.4 2.1
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services 2.6 5.5
Wholesale and retail trade 1.1 2.8
Excluding sales occupations 1.1 2.9
Wholesale trade 1.4 3.0
Excluding sales occupations 1.6 3.2
Retail trade .9 2.5
General merchandise stores 1.7 3.9
Food stores .6 1.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate 1.6 3.5
Excluding sales occupations 1.6 4.1
Banking, savings and loan, and
other credit agencies .7 3.1
Insurance 1.5 4.8
Services 1.0 3.6
Business services .6 3.0
Health services 1.3 4.0
Hospitals 1.4 4.3
Educational services .8 3.8
Colleges and universities .8 3.5
Nonmanufacturing 1.0 3.3
White-collar workers 1.1 3.4
Excluding sales occupations 1.2 3.7
Blue-collar occupations .9 3.3
Service occupations .7 2.5
State and local government workers .9 3.6
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers .8 3.5
Professional specialty and
technical .6 3.2
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 1.4 3.9
Administrative support, including
clerical 1.0 4.0
Blue-collar workers .9 3.5
Workers, by industry division:
Services .6 3.2
Services excluding schools (5) 1.0 3.7
Health services 1.2 3.9
Hospitals 1.0 3.9
Educational services .6 3.1
Schools .5 3.1
Elementary and secondary .4 3.3
Colleges and universities 1.1 2.6
Public administration (3) 1.3 4.4
(1) Cost (cents per hour worked) measured in the Employment Cost Index
consists of wages, salaries, and employer cost of employee benefits.
(2) Consists of private industry workers (excluding farm and household
workers) and State and local government (excluding Federal Government)
workers.
(3) Consists of legislative, judicial, administrative, and regulatory
activities.
(4) This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the
Hourly Earnings index, which was discontinued in January 1989.
(5) Includes, for example, library, social, and health services.
31. Employment Cost Index, wages and salaries, by occupation and
industry group
[June 1989 = 100]
2003
Series Mar. June Sept.
Civilian workers (1) 159.3 160.3 161.8
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 161.9 162.9 164.5
Professional specialty and technical 159.3 160.1 161.8
Executive, adminitrative, and
managerial 167.9 169.0 170.5
Administrative support, including
clerical 161.8 163.1 164.3
Blue-collar workers 153.8 154.8 155.8
Service occupations 158.0 158.7 159.8
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing 156.3 157.5 158.3
Manufacturing 158.0 159.0 159.7
Service-producing 160.5 161.4 163.0
Services 161.9 162.8 164.7
Health services 162.0 163.2 164.7
Hospitals 163.5 164.4 166.3
Educational services 160.4 160.7 162.7
Public administration (2) 157.2 158.0 159.4
Nonmanufacturing 159.6 160.5 162.1
Private industry workers 159.3 160.4 161.7
Excluding sales occupations 159.4 160.5 161.7
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 162.6 163.8 165.3
Excluding sales occupations 163.6 164.8 166.2
Professional specialty and technical
occupations 159.5 160.5 162.1
Executive, admintrative, and
managerial occupations 169.1 170.3 171.8
Sales occupations 158.1 159.3 161.6
Administrative support occupations,
including clerical 162.6 164.0 165.1
Blue-collar workers 153.6 154.6 155.6
Precision production, craft, and
repair occupations 153.4 154.7 155.5
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors 154.7 155.3 156.8
Transportation and material moving
occupations 147.8 149.0 149.8
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers 158.4 159.0 159.9
Service occupations 155.5 156.1 157.1
Production and nonsupervisory
occupations (3) 156.4 157.4 158.8
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing 156.3 157.4 158.3
Excluding sales occupations 155.4 156.5 157.4
White-collar occupations 160.0 161.4 161.9
Excluding sales occupations 158.0 159.2 159.9
Blue-collar occupations 153.8 154.8 155.9
Construction 150.6 152.4 153.6
Manufacturing 158.0 159.0 159.7
White-collar occupations 160.1 161.6 162.0
Excluding sales occupations 157.7 158.9 159.5
Blue-collar occupations 156.3 156.9 157.9
Durables 158.8 159.7 160.6
Nondurables 156.6 157.8 158.3
Service-producing 160.6 161.7 163.3
Excluding sales occupations 161.7 162.8 164.2
White-collar occupations 163.0 164.1 166.0
Excluding sales occupations 165.3 166.5 168.2
Blue-collar occupations 153.2 154.3 155.1
Service occupations 155.1 155.6 156.6
Transportation and public utilities 154.8 155.6 156.0
Transportation 150.5 150.6 150.4
Public utilities 160.4 162.1 163.4
Communications 161.9 163.4 165.4
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 158.6 160.4 161.0
Wholesale and retail trade 156.7 157.5 159.2
Wholesale trade 163.4 164.7 164.8
Excluding sales occupations 163.9 165.2 165.7
Retail trade 153.1 153.8 156.3
General merchandise stores 149.8 152.0 153.1
Food stores 151.0 151.6 152.2
Finance, insurance, and real estate 171.1 172.4 174.1
Excluding sales occupations 176.7 178.5 179.2
Banking, savings and loan, and
other credit agencies 206.4 208.7 209.1
Insurance 161.6 163.0 163.9
Services 162.8 164.0 165.9
Business services 165.6 166.4 169.1
Health services 161.9 163.2 164.6
Hospitals 163.6 164.6 166.5
Educational services 167.1 167.5 170.3
Colleges and universities 164.4 165.1 167.6
Nonmanufacturing 159.4 160.5 162.1
White-collar workers 162.8 163.9 165.7
Excluding sales occupations 164.9 166.1 167.7
Blue-collar occupations 151.1 152.4 153.4
Service occupations 155.0 155.5 156.5
State and local government workers 162.6 163.2 165.9
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 158.9 159.2 161.0
Professional specialty and technical 158.8 159.1 161.0
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 160.9 161.0 162.5
Administrative support, including
clerical 156.9 157.2 159.1
Blue-collar workers 156.2 156.5 157.6
Workers, by industry division:
Services 159.5 159.8 161.6
Services excluding schools (4) 161.4 161.8 163.2
Health services 162.9 163.5 165.1
Hospitals 163.1 163.8 165.5
Educational services 159.1 159.3 161.2
Schools 159.2 159.5 161.4
Elementary and secondary 158.2 158.5 160.6
Colleges and universities 162.1 162.1 163.5
Puhlic adminictratinn (2) 157.2 158.0 159.4
2003 2004
Series Dec. Mar. June
Civilian workers (1) 162.3 163.3 164.3
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 165.1 166.1 167.1
Professional specialty and technical 162.5 163.8 164.4
Executive, adminitrative, and
managerial 171.2 171.4 172.4
Administrative support, including
clerical 164.9 166.3 167.5
Blue-collar workers 156.3 157.3 158.4
Service occupations 160.6 161.2 161.9
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing 160.6 159.9 161.0
Manufacturing 160.1 161.3 162.4
Service-producing 163.6 164.6 165.5
Services 165.4 166.5 167.4
Health services 165.9 167.7 168.6
Hospitals 167.7 169.0 169.9
Educational services 163.2 163.6 163.8
Public administration (2) 160.0 161.1 161.4
Nonmanufacturing 162.7 163.7 164.6
Private industry workers 162.3 163.4 164.5
Excluding sales occupations 162.4 163.5 164.5
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 165.9 167.1 168.2
Excluding sales occupations 167.0 168.1 169.2
Professional specialty and technical
occupations 163.0 164.7 165.5
Executive, admintrative, and
managerial occupations 172.5 172.7 173.9
Sales occupations 161.1 162.6 163.9
Administrative support occupations,
including clerical 165.7 167.2 168.6
Blue-collar workers 156.1 157.2 158.3
Precision production, craft, and
repair occupations 156.2 157.1 158.3
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors 156.9 158.6 159.8
Transportation and material moving
occupations 149.8 150.4 151.8
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers 160.6 161.8 162.7
Service occupations 157.8 158.4 159.3
Production and nonsupervisory
occupations (3) 159.4 160.7 161.7
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing 158.7 159.9 160.9
Excluding sales occupations 158.0 159.2 160.2
White-collar occupations 162.1 163.2 164.5
Excluding sales occupations 160.4 161.5 162.7
Blue-collar occupations 156.4 157.7 158.6
Construction 154.0 155.1 155.9
Manufacturing 160.1 161.3 162.4
White-collar occupations 162.1 163.3 164.7
Excluding sales occupations 160.0 161.2 162.5
Blue-collar occupations 158.5 159.8 160.6
Durables 160.9 161.9 162.9
Nondurables 158.7 160.4 161.6
Service-producing 163.9 165.0 166.1
Excluding sales occupations 165.0 166.0 167.1
White-collar occupations 166.6 167.8 168.9
Excluding sales occupations 169.0 170.2 171.2
Blue-collar occupations 155.4 156.2 157.8
Service occupations 157.4 158.0 158.8
Transportation and public utilities 156.5 157.6 159.1
Transportation 150.8 151.7 153.4
Public utilities 164.1 165.3 166.4
Communications 165.9 167.0 167.5
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 161.8 163.3 165.1
Wholesale and retail trade 159.5 160.3 161.6
Wholesale trade 165.3 166.2 167.8
Excluding sales occupations 166.3 167.8 167.6
Retail trade 156.5 157.3 158.4
General merchandise stores 153.6 154.1 154.9
Food stores 152.8 153.8 154.3
Finance, insurance, and real estate 174.5 175.2 175.3
Excluding sales occupations 210.2 179.2 180.5
Banking, savings and loan, and
other credit agencies 164.5 206.7 207.6
Insurance 164.5 165.1 167.2
Services 166.7 168.1 169.3
Business services 169.8 171.0 172.7
Health services 135.8 167.8 168.8
Hospitals 167.9 169.4 170.5
Educational services 171.0 171.9 172.6
Colleges and universities 168.4 169.5 170.0
Nonmanufacturing 162.6 163.7 164.8
White-collar workers 166.3 167.5 168.6
Excluding sales occupations 168.5 169.7 170.7
Blue-collar occupations 153.8 154.7 156.1
Service occupations 157.3 157.9 158.7
State and local government workers 166.8 168.0 168.7
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 161.5 162.1 162.4
Professional specialty and technical 161.4 162.1 162.3
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 163.3 163.5 163.8
Administrative support, including
clerical 159.5 160.4 160.8
Blue-collar workers 158.3 158.9 159.2
Workers, by industry division:
Services 162.1 162.6 162.7
Services excluding schools (4) 164.5 165.1 165.6
Health services 166.7 167.4 167.8
Hospitals 166.7 167.4 167.9
Educational services 161.6 162.0 162.1
Schools 161.8 162.1 162.3
Elementary and secondary 160.9 161.3 161.5
Colleges and universities 164.0 164.3 164.4
Puhlic adminictratinn (2) 160.0 161.1 161.4
2004 2005
Series Sept. Dec. Mar.
Civilian workers (1) 165.7 166.2 167.3
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 168.7 169.1 170.3
Professional specialty and technical 166.5 167.0 168.1
Executive, adminitrative, and
managerial 173.4 174.4 175.9
Administrative support, including
clerical 168.8 169.7 170.9
Blue-collar workers 159.7 160.0 161.0
Service occupations 162.8 163.6 164.4
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing 162.3 162.4 163.8
Manufacturing 163.8 164.0 165.3
Service-producing 167.0 167.5 168.6
Services 167.3 170.1 171.2
Health services 170.8 171.7 173.2
Hospitals 171.8 173.2 174.7
Educational services 166.0 166.8 167.5
Public administration (2) 162.6 163.5 165.0
Nonmanufacturing 166.0 166.5 167.6
Private industry workers 165.9 166.2 167.4
Excluding sales occupations 165.8 166.5 167.6
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 169.7 170.0 171.3
Excluding sales occupations 170.6 171.4 172.7
Professional specialty and technical
occupations 167.6 168.0 169.4
Executive, admintrative, and
managerial occupations 174.9 175.7 177.2
Sales occupations 165.9 164.0 164.9
Administrative support occupations,
including clerical 169.7 170.8 172.0
Blue-collar workers 159.5 159.9 160.8
Precision production, craft, and
repair occupations 159.3 159.7 160.4
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors 161.6 161.6 162.6
Transportation and material moving
occupations 152.9 153.3 154.4
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers 163.6 164.5 165.6
Service occupations 159.8 160.6 161.4
Production and nonsupervisory
occupations (3) 163.1 163.4 164.5
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing 162.3 162.4 163.6
Excluding sales occupations 161.2 161.6 162.8
White-collar occupations 166.0 165.9 167.3
Excluding sales occupations 163.6 164.1 165.3
Blue-collar occupations 159.8 160.1 161.2
Construction 157.1 157.0 157.7
Manufacturing 163.8 164.0 165.3
White-collar occupations 166.1 166.1 167.6
Excluding sales occupations 163.5 163.9 165.1
Blue-collar occupations 162.1 162.4 163.6
Durables 164.5 164.7 165.9
Nondurables 162.8 162.9 164.5
Service-producing 167.5 167.9 169.0
Excluding sales occupations 168.5 169.3 170.4
White-collar occupations 170.4 170.8 172.1
Excluding sales occupations 172.8 173.6 175.0
Blue-collar occupations 158.9 159.4 160.1
Service occupations 159.4 160.2 160.9
Transportation and public utilities 160.4 160.5 159.8
Transportation 155.0 155.1 153.4
Public utilities 167.5 167.5 168.2
Communications 168.8 168.3 168.4
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 165.9 166.6 167.9
Wholesale and retail trade 162.5 162.1 163.4
Wholesale trade 169.7 167.5 169.5
Excluding sales occupations 168.6 168.9 171.5
Retail trade 158.7 159.3 160.3
General merchandise stores 157.5 158.1 159.3
Food stores 154.5 155.0 155.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate 176.5 177.7 179.2
Excluding sales occupations 181.8 182.9 184.6
Banking, savings and loan, and
other credit agencies 209.5 211.3 210.7
Insurance 168.9 170.4 171.7
Services 171.1 172.0 173.4
Business services 174.3 175.0 175.5
Health services 170.9 171.9 173.4
Hospitals 172.4 173.8 175.4
Educational services 175.5 176.8 177.9
Colleges and universities 172.9 173.6 174.6
Nonmanufacturing 166.2 166.6 167.7
White-collar workers 170.1 170.5 171.7
Excluding sales occupations 172.3 173.1 174.4
Blue-collar occupations 157.1 157.5 158.2
Service occupations 159.2 160.1 160.8
State and local government workers 171.5 172.6 174.1
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 164.1 164.9 165.9
Professional specialty and technical 164.4 165.0 165.7
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 164.3 166.1 168.2
Administrative support, including
clerical 162.6 163.0 163.9
Blue-collar workers 160.7 161.4 162.4
Workers, by industry division:
Services 164.8 165.5 166.2
Services excluding schools (4) 167.5 168.3 169.4
Health services 169.6 170.7 171.9
Hospitals 169.9 171.0 172.0
Educational services 164.2 164.9 165.5
Schools 164.3 165.0 165.6
Elementary and secondary 163.8 164.5 164.8
Colleges and universities 165.4 166.3 167.9
Puhlic adminictratinn (2) 162.6 163.5 165.0
Percent change
Series 3 months 12 months
ended ended
Mar. 2005
Civilian workers (1) 0.7 2.4
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers .7 2.5
Professional specialty and technical .7 2.6
Executive, adminitrative, and
managerial .9 2.6
Administrative support, including
clerical .7 2.8
Blue-collar workers .6 2.4
Service occupations .5 2.0
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing .7 2.3
Manufacturing .8 2.5
Service-producing .7 2.4
Services .6 2.8
Health services .9 3.3
Hospitals .9 3.4
Educational services .4 2.4
Public administration (2) .9 2.4
Nonmanufacturing .7 2.4
Private industry workers .7 2.4
Excluding sales occupations .7 2.5
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers .8 2.5
Excluding sales occupations .8 2.7
Professional specialty and technical
occupations .8 2.9
Executive, admintrative, and
managerial occupations .9 2.6
Sales occupations .5 1.4
Administrative support occupations,
including clerical .7 2.9
Blue-collar workers .6 2.3
Precision production, craft, and
repair occupations .4 2.1
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors .6 2.5
Transportation and material moving
occupations .7 2.7
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers .7 2.3
Service occupations .5 1.9
Production and nonsupervisory
occupations (3) .7 2.4
Workers, by industry division:
Goods-producing .7 2.3
Excluding sales occupations .7 2.3
White-collar occupations .8 2.5
Excluding sales occupations .7 2.4
Blue-collar occupations .3 2.2
Construction .4 1.7
Manufacturing .8 2.5
White-collar occupations .9 2.6
Excluding sales occupations .7 2.4
Blue-collar occupations .7 2.4
Durables .7 2.5
Nondurables 1.0 2.6
Service-producing .7 2.4
Excluding sales occupations .6 2.7
White-collar occupations .8 2.6
Excluding sales occupations .8 2.8
Blue-collar occupations .4 2.5
Service occupations .4 1.8
Transportation and public utilities -.4 1.4
Transportation -1.1 1.1
Public utilities .4 1.8
Communications .1 .8
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .8 2.8
Wholesale and retail trade .8 1.9
Wholesale trade 1.2 2.0
Excluding sales occupations 1.5 2.2
Retail trade .6 1.9
General merchandise stores .8 3.4
Food stores .5 1.3
Finance, insurance, and real estate .8 2.3
Excluding sales occupations .9 3.0
Banking, savings and loan, and
other credit agencies -.3 1.9
Insurance .8 4.0
Services .8 3.2
Business services .3 2.6
Health services .9 3.3
Hospitals .9 3.5
Educational services .6 3.5
Colleges and universities .6 3.0
Nonmanufacturing .7 2.4
White-collar workers .7 2.5
Excluding sales occupations .8 2.8
Blue-collar occupations .4 2.3
Service occupations .4 1.8
State and local government workers .6 2.3
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers .6 2.3
Professional specialty and technical .4 2.2
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 1.3 2.9
Administrative support, including
clerical .6 2.2
Blue-collar workers .6 2.2
Workers, by industry division:
Services .4 2.2
Services excluding schools (4) .7 2.6
Health services .7 2.7
Hospitals .6 2.7
Educational services .4 2.2
Schools .4 2.2
Elementary and secondary .2 2.2
Colleges and universities .1 2.2
Puhlic adminictratinn (2) .9 2.4
(1) Consists of private industry workers (excluding farm and household
workers) and State and local government (excluding Federal Government)
workers.
(2) Consists of legislative, judicial, administrative, and regulatory
activities.
(3) This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the
Hourly Earnings index, which was discontinued in January 1989.
(4) Includes, for example, library, social, and health services.
32. Employment Cost Index, benefits, private industry workers by
occupation and industry group
[June 1989 = 100]
2003
Series Mar. June Sept. Dec.
Private Industry workers 179.6 182.0 184.3 185.8
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 183.6 185.5 187.7 189.2
Blue-collar workers 172.7 176.1 178.4 179.9
Workers by industry division:
Goods-producing 178.0 180.2 182.3 183.8
Service-producing 179.9 182.3 184.7 186.2
Manufacturing 176.9 179.0 181.1 182.3
Nonmanufacturing 180.3 182.8 185.1 186.7
2004
Series Mar. June Sept. Dec.
Private Industry workers 192.2 195.3 196.9 198.7
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 194.4 197.4 199.1 201.1
Blue-collar workers 188.3 191.8 193.3 194.9
Workers by industry division:
Goods-producing 193.7 196.2 198.1 201.2
Service-producing 190.6 194.1 195.5 196.5
Manufacturing 194.4 196.9 199.2 200.4
Nonmanufacturing 190.9 194.3 195.7 197.6
2005 Percent change
3 months 12 months
Series Mar. ended ended
Mar. 2005
Private Industry workers 203.3 2.3 5.8
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar workers 206.8 2.8 6.4
Blue-collar workers 197.8 1.5 5.0
Workers by industry division:
Goods-producing 207.0 2.9 6.9
Service-producing 200.5 2.0 5.2
Manufacturing 206.7 3.1 6.3
Nonmanufacturing 201.6 2.0 5.6
33. Employment Cost Index, private industry workers by bargaining
status, region, and area size
[June 1989 = 100]
2003
Series Mar. June Sept. Dec.
COMPENSATION
Workers, by bargaining status (1)
Union 162.1 164.1 165.7 166.8
Goods-producing 161.4 163.4 164.7 165.9
Service-producing 162.6 164.6 166.5 167.5
Manufacturing 162.3 163.8 165.0 166.3
Nonmanufacturing 161.4 163.7 165.5 166.5
Nonunion 165.4 166.8 168.4 169.1
Goods-producing 163.6 164.9 166.1 166.7
Service-producing 165.9 167.2 169.0 169.8
Manufacturing 164.5 165.8 166.9 167.3
Nonmanufacturing 165.4 166.7 168.5 139.3
Workers, by region (1)
Northeast 163.8 165.2 166.9 167.9
South 160.6 161.6 163.2 163.9
Midwest (formerly North Central) 169.0 170.4 171.7 172.5
West 167.3 169.5 171.4 172.2
Workers, by area size (1)
Metropolitan areas 165.2 166.6 168.3 169.1
Other areas 163.5 165.0 166.1 166.9
WAGES AND SALARIES
Workers, by bargaining status (1)
Union 153.3 154.3 155.3 156.2
Goods-producing 152.4 153.9 154.8 155.4
Service-producing 154.6 155.1 156.3 157.3
Manufacturing 154.6 155.9 156.7 157.1
Nonmanufacturing 152.5 153.5 154.6 155.6
Nonunion 160.4 161.5 163.0 163.4
Goods-producing 157.8 158.9 159.7 160.1
Service-producing 161.2 162.3 164.0 164.5
Manufacturing 159.3 160.2 160.9 161.3
Nonmanufacturing 160.4 161.5 163.1 163.7
Workers, by region (1)
Northeast 157.3 158.4 160.0 160.9
South 155.3 156.1 157.4 157.9
Midwest (formerly North Central) 164.1 165.0 166.1 166.5
West 161.3 163.1 164.7 165.2
Workers, by area size (1)
Metropolitan areas 159.6 160.7 162.2 162.7
Other areas 156.8 158.0 158.9 159.5
2004
Series Mar. June Sept. Dec.
COMPENSATION
Workers, by bargaining status (1)
Union 171.4 173.9 175.3 176.2
Goods-producing 172.3 174.6 176.0 176.7
Service-producing 170.2 172.9 174.4 175.4
Manufacturing 175.0 177.0 178.4 178.9
Nonmanufacturing 168.8 171.6 173.0 174.1
Nonunion 171.3 172.7 174.2 174.9
Goods-producing 169.7 170.9 172.4 173.5
Service-producing 171.6 173.2 174.6 175.1
Manufacturing 170.6 172.0 173.8 174.3
Nonmanufacturing 171.1 172.6 174.0 174.7
Workers, by region (1)
Northeast 170.2 172.3 173.7 174.2
South 166.4 167.9 169.5 170.6
Midwest (formerly North Central) 174.7 176.2 177.6 177.9
West 175.3 176.8 178.1 179.0
Workers, by area size (1)
Metropolitan areas 171.5 173.1 174.6 175.3
Other areas 170.2 172.1 173.3 174.3
WAGES AND SALARIES
Workers, by bargaining status (1)
Union 157.2 158.7 160.0 160.6
Goods-producing 156.3 157.5 158.7 158.9
Service-producing 158.5 160.3 161.7 162.6
Manufacturing 158.1 159.2 160.5 160.7
Nonmanufacturing 156.6 158.4 159.6 160.4
Nonunion 164.6 165.6 167.0 167.3
Goods-producing 161.4 162.4 163.8 163.9
Service-producing 165.6 166.6 168.0 168.4
Manufacturing 162.6 163.7 165.2 165.3
Nonmanufacturing 164.7 165.7 167.1 167.5
Workers, by region (1)
Northeast 162.0 163.6 164.9 165.0
South 159.1 160.1 161.6 162.3
Midwest (formerly North Central) 166.9 167.7 169.2 169.2
West 166.8 167.9 169.1 169.5
Workers, by area size (1)
Metropolitan areas 163.8 164.9 163.3 166.6
Other areas 160.8 162.1 162.1 163.8
2005 Percent change
3 months 12 months
Series Mar. ended ended
Mar. 2005
COMPENSATION
Workers, by bargaining status (1)
Union 177.5 0.7 3.6
Goods-producing 178.2 .8 3.4
Service-producing 176.6 .7 3.8
Manufacturing 180.6 1.0 3.2
Nonmanufacturing 175.2 .6 3.8
Nonunion 177.1 1.3 3.4
Goods-producing 176.5 1.7 4.0
Service-producing 177.0 1.1 3.1
Manufacturing 177.5 1.8 4.0
Nonmanufacturing 176.6 1.1 3.2
Workers, by region (1)
Northeast 176.1 1.1 3.5
South 172.5 1.1 3.7
Midwest (formerly North Central) 180.0 1.2 3.0
West 181.4 1.3 3.5
Workers, by area size (1)
Metropolitan areas 177.4 1.2 3.4
Other areas 176.4 1.2 3.6
WAGES AND SALARIES
Workers, by bargaining status (1)
Union 160.8 .1 2.3
Goods-producing 159.6 .4 2.1
Service-producing 162.3 -.2 2.4
Manufacturing 161.5 .5 2.2
Nonmanufacturing 160.3 -.1 2.4
Nonunion 168.6 .8 2.4
Goods-producing 165.2 .8 2.4
Service-producing 169.7 .8 2.5
Manufacturing 166.8 .9 2.6
Nonmanufacturing 168.7 .7 2.4
Workers, by region (1)
Northeast 166.0 .6 2.5
South 163.6 .8 2.8
Midwest (formerly North Central) 170.6 .8 2.2
West 170.3 .5 2.1
Workers, by area size (1)
Metropolitan areas 167.7 .7 2.4
Other areas 165.1 .8 2.7
(1) The indexes are calculated differently from those for the
occupation and industry groups. For a detailed description of the index
calculation, see the Monthly Labor Review Technical Note, "Estimation
procedures for the Employment Cost Index," May 1982.
34. Percent of full-time employees participating in employer-provided
benefit plans, and in selected features within plans, medium and large
private establishments, selected years, 1980-97
Item 1980 1982 1984
Scope ofsurvey (in 000's) 21,352 21,043 21,013
Number of employees (in 000's):
With medical care 20,711 20,412 20,383
With life insurance 20,498 20,201 20,172
With defined benefit plan 17,936 17,676 17,231
Time-off plans
Participants with:
Paid lunch time 10 9 9
Average minutes per day -- 25 26
Paid rest time 75 76 73
Average minutes per day -- 25 26
Paid funeral leave -- -- --
Average days per occurrence -- -- --
Paid holidays 99 99 99
Average days per year 10.1 10.0 9.8
Paid personal leave 20 24 23
Average days per year -- 3.8 3.6
Paid vacations 100 99 99
Paid sick leave (1) 62 67 67
Unpaid maternity leave -- -- --
Unpaid paternity leave -- -- --
Unpaid family leave -- -- --
Insurance plans
Participants in medical care plans 97 97 97
Percent of participants with coverage
for:
Home health care -- -- 46
Extended care facilities 58 62 62
Physical exam -- -- 8
Percent of participants with employee
contribution required for:
Self coverage 26 27 36
Average monthly contribution -- -- $11.93
Family coverage 46 51 58
Average monthly contribution -- -- $35.93
Participants in life insurance plans 96 96 96
Percent of participants with:
Accidental death and dismemberment
insurance 69 72 74
Survivor income benefits -- -- --
Retiree protection available -- 64 64
Participants in long-term disability
insurance plans 40 43 47
Participants in sickness and accident
insurance plans 54 51 51
Participants in short-term disability
plans (1) -- -- --
Retirement plans
Participants in defined benefit pension
plans 84 84 82
Percent of participants with:
Normal retirement prior to age 65 55 58 63
Early retirement available 98 97 97
Ad hoc pension increase in last 5
years -- -- 47
Terminal earnings formula 53 52 54
Benefit coordinated with Social
Security 45 45 56
Participants in defined contribution
plans -- -- --
Participants in plans with tax-deferred
savings arrangements -- -- --
Other benefits
Employees eligible for:
Flexible benefits plans -- -- --
Reimbursement accounts (2) -- -- --
Premium conversion plans -- -- --
Item 1986 1988 1989
Scope ofsurvey (in 000's) 21,303 31,059 32,428
Number of employees (in 000's):
With medical care 20,238 27,953 29,834
With life insurance 20,451 28,574 30,482
With defined benefit plan 16,190 19,567 20,430
Time-off plans
Participants with:
Paid lunch time 10 11 10
Average minutes per day 27 29 26
Paid rest time 72 72 71
Average minutes per day 26 26 26
Paid funeral leave 88 85 84
Average days per occurrence 3.2 3.2 3.3
Paid holidays 99 96 97
Average days per year 10.0 9.4 9.2
Paid personal leave 25 24 22
Average days per year 3.7 3.3 3.1
Paid vacations 100 98 97
Paid sick leave (1) 70 69 68
Unpaid maternity leave -- 33 37
Unpaid paternity leave -- 16 18
Unpaid family leave -- -- --
Insurance plans
Participants in medical care plans 95 90 92
Percent of participants with coverage
for:
Home health care 66 76 75
Extended care facilities 70 79 80
Physical exam 18 28 28
Percent of participants with employee
contribution required for:
Self coverage 43 44 47
Average monthly contribution $12.80 $19.29 $25.31
Family coverage 63 64 66
Average monthly contribution $41.40 $60.07 $72.10
Participants in life insurance plans 96 92 94
Percent of participants with:
Accidental death and dismemberment
insurance 72 78 71
Survivor income benefits 10 8 7
Retiree protection available 59 49 42
Participants in long-term disability
insurance plans 48 42 45
Participants in sickness and accident
insurance plans 49 46 43
Participants in short-term disability
plans (1) -- -- --
Retirement plans
Participants in defined benefit pension
plans 76 63 63
Percent of participants with:
Normal retirement prior to age 65 64 59 62
Early retirement available 98 98 97
Ad hoc pension increase in last 5
years 35 26 22
Terminal earnings formula 57 55 64
Benefit coordinated with Social
Security 62 62 63
Participants in defined contribution
plans 60 45 48
Participants in plans with tax-deferred
savings arrangements 33 36 41
Other benefits
Employees eligible for:
Flexible benefits plans 2 5 9
Reimbursement accounts (2) 5 12 23
Premium conversion plans -- -- --
Item 1991 1993 1995
Scope ofsurvey (in 000's) 31,163 28,728 33,374
Number of employees (in 000's):
With medical care 25,865 23,519 25,546
With life insurance 29,293 26,175 29,078
With defined benefit plan 18,386 16,015 17,417
Time-off plans
Participants with:
Paid lunch time 8 9 --
Average minutes per day 30 29 --
Paid rest time 67 68 --
Average minutes per day 28 26 --
Paid funeral leave 80 83 80
Average days per occurrence 3.3 3.0 3.3
Paid holidays 92 91 89
Average days per year 10.2 9.4 9.1
Paid personal leave 21 21 22
Average days per year 3.3 3.1 3.3
Paid vacations 96 97 96
Paid sick leave (1) 67 65 58
Unpaid maternity leave 37 60 --
Unpaid paternity leave 26 53 --
Unpaid family leave -- -- 84
Insurance plans
Participants in medical care plans 83 82 77
Percent of participants with coverage
for:
Home health care 81 86 78
Extended care facilities 80 82 73
Physical exam 30 42 56
Percent of participants with employee
contribution required for:
Self coverage 51 61 67
Average monthly contribution $26.60 $31.55 $33.92
Family coverage 69 76 78
Average monthly contribution $96.97 $107.42 $118.33
Participants in life insurance plans 94 91 87
Percent of participants with:
Accidental death and dismemberment
insurance 71 76 77
Survivor income benefits 6 5 7
Retiree protection available 44 41 37
Participants in long-term disability
insurance plans 40 41 42
Participants in sickness and accident
insurance plans 45 44 --
Participants in short-term disability
plans (1) -- -- 53
Retirement plans
Participants in defined benefit pension
plans 59 56 52
Percent of participants with:
Normal retirement prior to age 65 55 52 52
Early retirement available 98 95 96
Ad hoc pension increase in last 5
years 7 6 4
Terminal earnings formula 56 61 58
Benefit coordinated with Social
Security 54 48 51
Participants in defined contribution
plans 48 49 55
Participants in plans with tax-deferred
savings arrangements 44 43 54
Other benefits
Employees eligible for:
Flexible benefits plans 10 12 12
Reimbursement accounts (2) 36 52 38
Premium conversion plans -- -- 5
Item 1997
Scope ofsurvey (in 000's) 38,409
Number of employees (in 000's):
With medical care 29,340
With life insurance 33,495
With defined benefit plan 19,202
Time-off plans
Participants with:
Paid lunch time --
Average minutes per day --
Paid rest time --
Average minutes per day --
Paid funeral leave 81
Average days per occurrence 3.7
Paid holidays 89
Average days per year 9.3
Paid personal leave 20
Average days per year 3.5
Paid vacations 95
Paid sick leave (1) 56
Unpaid maternity leave --
Unpaid paternity leave --
Unpaid family leave 93
Insurance plans
Participants in medical care plans 76
Percent of participants with coverage
for:
Home health care 85
Extended care facilities 78
Physical exam 63
Percent of participants with employee
contribution required for:
Self coverage 69
Average monthly contribution $39.14
Family coverage 80
Average monthly contribution $130.07
Participants in life insurance plans 87
Percent of participants with:
Accidental death and dismemberment
insurance 74
Survivor income benefits 6
Retiree protection available 33
Participants in long-term disability
insurance plans 43
Participants in sickness and accident
insurance plans --
Participants in short-term disability
plans (1) 55
Retirement plans
Participants in defined benefit pension
plans 50
Percent of participants with:
Normal retirement prior to age 65 52
Early retirement available 95
Ad hoc pension increase in last 5
years 10
Terminal earnings formula 56
Benefit coordinated with Social
Security 49
Participants in defined contribution
plans 57
Participants in plans with tax-deferred
savings arrangements 55
Other benefits
Employees eligible for:
Flexible benefits plans 13
Reimbursement accounts (2) 32
Premium conversion plans 7
(1) The definitions for paid sick leave and short--term disability
(previously sickness and accident insurance) were changed for the 1995
survey. Paid sick leave now includes only plans that specify either a
maximum number of days per year or unlimited days. Short-terms
disability now includes all insured, self-insured, and State-mandated
plans available on a per-disability basis, as well as the unfunded
per-disability plans previously reported as sick leave. Sickness and
accident insurance, reported in years prior to this survey, included
only insured, self-insured, and State-mandated plans providing
per-disability benefits at less than full pay.
(2) Prior to 1995, reimbursement accounts included premium conversion
plans, which specifically allow medical plan participants to pay
required plan premiums with pretax dollars. Also, reimbursement
accounts that were part of flexible benefit plans were tabulated
separately.
NOTE: Dash indicates data not available.
35. Percent of full-time employees participating in employer-provided
benefit plans, and in selected features within plans. small private
establishments and State and local governments, 1987, 1990, 1992, 1994,
and 1996
Small private establishments
Item 1990 1992 1994 1996
Scope of survey (in 000's) 32,466 34,360 35,910 39,816
Number of employees (in 000's):
With medical care 22,402 24,396 23,536 25,599
With life insurance 20,778 21,990 21,955 24,635
With defined benefit plan 6,493 7,559 5,480 5,883
Time-off plans
Participants with:
Paid lunchtime 8 9 -- --
Average minutes per day 37 37 -- --
Paid rest time 48 49 -- --
Average minutes per day 27 26 -- --
Paid funeral leave 47 50 50 51
Average days per occurrence 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.0
Paid holidays 84 82 82 80
Average days per year (1) 9.5 9.2 7.5 7.6
Paid personal leave 11 12 13 14
Average days per year 2.8 2.6 2.6 3.0
Paid vacations 88 88 88 86
Paid sick leave (2) 47 53 50 50
Unpaid leave 17 18 -- --
Unpaid paternity leave 8 7 -- --
Unpaid family leave