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The oldest original synagogue building in the Diaspora: the Delos synagogue reconsidered
Hesperia, Fall, 2004 by Monika Trumper
(111.) As has been proposed by White (1987, p. 150) and Bruneau (1982, pp. 499-500).
(112.) Any wall that might have existed previously must have been destroyed in this phase.
(113.) This is, admittedly, a rather feeble argument, because courtyard C could have been added after the division of the large hall and then equipped with benches, following the examples of rooms A and B.
(114.) Bruneau 1970, p. 485, pl. IX:3.
(115.) The building was abandoned at the end of the second century A.D.
(116.) See Bruneau 1968, pp. 691-708; GD, pp. 28-30.
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(117.) The eastern coast of Delos has never been the object of a thorough study. The remains along the coastline and in the shallow water usually have been interpreted as parts of a small harbor with quays and a lighthouse, but it cannot be ascertained when and for how long this harbor was used. The eastern coast is, still today, used as an alternate landing area for small boats when rough weather makes the main port inaccessible. See Delos XXXIX, pp. 122-123, and n. 2 above.
(118.) Bruneau 1968, pp. 700, 703. Both buildings included a great amount of reused material.
(119.) Bruneau 1968, p. 697, n. 3.
(120.) Clearly set out by Bruneau (1970, pp. 486-491); for a similarly comprehensive and clearly organized list of criteria, see Runesson 2001b, pp. 83-84.
(121.) Except by the early opponents of the identification of GD 80 as a synagogue, who can be ignored here.
(122.) The following descriptions of the votives are based on Bruneau 1970, p. 484, with additions from ID:
1. ID 2328; on small column drum of blue marble without flutes but with a cutting in the top; drum H. 0.865 m, lower/upper Diam. 0.21/0.18 m; first century B.C.; found at the foot of the west wall of room B; no photograph published; inscription: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII.]
2. ID 2330; on rectangular marble base with profiles at bottom and top, except at the back; base H. 0.25 m, L. 0.165 m, W. 0.12 m; first century B.C.; found on a bench in the western part of room A; inscription: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII.]
3. ID 2331; on a small marble base of slightly pyramidal form, with profiles at bottom and top and a small bowl-shaped cutting in the upper surface; base H. 0.18 m, L. and W. 0.10 m at the bottom to 0.085 m at the top; first or second century A.D.; found on a bench in the western part of room A; for photograph see Bruneau 1970, pl. IX:5; inscription: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII.]
4. ID 2332; on small base of marble of the type bearing ID 2331; base H. 0.17 m, L. and W. 0.10 m at the bottom to 0.08 m at the top; later than ID 2328 and 2330, i.e., later than the first century B.C.; found on a bench in the western part of room A; inscription: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII.]
5. ID 2333; on a small rectangular base of marble of slightly pyramidal form, with profiles at bottom and top; base H. 0.33 m, L. 0.26 m at the bottom to 0.24 m at the top, W. 0.20 m at the bottom to 0.18 m at the top; first or second century A.D.; found in the southeast corner of room B; inscription: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII.]
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