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The oldest original synagogue building in the Diaspora: the Delos synagogue reconsidered
Hesperia, Fall, 2004 by Monika Trumper
(87.) See Rowland and Noble Howe 1999, pp. 196, 226, figs. 41, 66; for the realization of Vitruvian rules in Delos, see in detail Delos VIII, pp. 245-260, esp. pp. 257-260.
(88.) Trumper 1998, pp. 40-50, fig. 80:c.
(89.) Binder 1999, pp. 310-311, n. 163.
(90.) Lauter 1986, pp. 105-109, 119-121, pl. 45.
(91.) Rostovtzeff 1904; Fortsch 1993, pp. 60-65, 85-92, pls. 11:1, 2; 12; 17:1, 2; 22:3; 32:5; 33:1, 3; see also Pensa 1999. These freestanding porticoes are usually depicted with double-pitched roofs, which form gables at the front. This configuration is certainly excluded for GD 80 because the west portico had to be roofed with a single-pitched roof, and consequently the north and south porticoes as well. Even the less attractive roofing of a pi-shaped portico has parallels in Roman villas (see Fortsch 1993, pl. 13:1-3).
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(92.) Coulton 1976, pp. 55-98, figs. 20-25; Lauter 1986, pp. 113-132; Fortsch 1993, pp. 60-65, 85-92.
(93.) Trumper 1998, pp. 28-30.
(94.) Garden peristyles are not at all common in Delian private or public architecture, but usually are taken to be a typical Roman feature (Dickmann 1997). Yet in some very late peristyles without pavement in the courtyard, planting might have been done or at least planned, e.g., in the Quartier du theatre, Ilot II, Maisons E and F (GD 117); the Quartier du stade, Ilot I, Maison B (the "Parfumerie," GD 79); and in the Maison de Fourni (GD 124). This topic will be discussed elsewhere.
(95.) White (1987, pp. 150-151, fig. 5) conjectured that there was a stair structure on foundations b and c (Fig. 2) that served as a "grand entrance to the Portico from the seaward approach to the building," and is supported by Binder (1999, p. 310, n. 163).
(96.) Several public porticoes, and even peristyles of private houses such as that in the Maison des dauphins (GD 111), have one or more steps below the stylobate. Since the function of these steps certainly was access, there was no need for additional staircases; see, e.g., GD 4, 5, 29, 111. Bruneau (1970, p. 483) was correct in dismissing foundations b and c (Fig. 2) as secondary construction, their date and function being--again--unknown.
(97.) Adam 1999, p. 67; see also pp. 66-73.
(98.) See Bruneau 1978; and n. 31, above. The search for buildings that might be compared to the different restorations proposed here was limited to the Delian context, but naturally could be expanded at will.
(99.) For this highly problematic corner, see above under "Wall with Marble Spoil Material."
(100.) Cf. the Prytaneion (GD 22), with a two-story colonnade according to Lauter (1986, fig. 37), or a one-story colonnade according to Etienne (1997, figs. 13, 14); cf. also the one-story Samothrakeion (GD 93; Delos XVI, figs. 106, 108). Both buildings are provided with Doric colonnades.
(101.) See below for details. Several Delian parallels can be cited for such a practice, e.g., the Maison du Diadumene (GD 61) and the eastern part of the Etablissement des Poseidoniastes (GD 57) were both extended to the east, obviously in correspondence with one another; and the magazines on the western shore (GD 122) were enlarged several times, likewise in correspondence with each other (Delos XXXIX, pp. 111-112, document XXX).
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