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The oldest original synagogue building in the Diaspora: the Delos synagogue reconsidered
Hesperia, Fall, 2004 by Monika Trumper
1. At least 1.00-1.15 m (or even more, see below); pry cutting, one socket in the central/southern portion.
2. 1.00 m; pry cutting, one socket at the north.
3. 1.58 m; pry cutting(?), two sockets at both south and north.
4. Preserved block: 2.40 m; pry cutting, two sockets at both south and north.
5. 1.56 m; pry cutting, two sockets at both south and north.
6. 2.46 m; two sockets at both south and north.
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7. The following 4.90 m could have been filled with two or perhaps three slabs, as there are no pry cuttings and the sockets no longer appear in pairs to indicate clearly the joints between two blocks. With three slabs the arrangement could be as follows: block 7, ca. 1.80 m, one socket at the south; block 8, ca. 1.00 m, one socket at the south; block 9, ca. 2.10 m, one socket at the south. With two slabs: block 7, ca. 2.45 m, two sockets at both south and north; block 8, ca. 2.45 m, one socket near the south end.
9/10. 1.34 m; pry cutting, one socket at the north.
10/11. 1.70 m or perhaps more (see below); pry cutting, one socket either centrally located or near the north end.
(79.) According to White (1987, p. 152, n. 78), these two sockets were not "meant to anchor a column (which typically on Delos uses a different type of stud)," but rather some sort of a base or a closure for a gate. Although on Delos many bottom surfaces of columns display central round sockets, there were other ways to anchor columns on the stylobate--if they were fixed at all. Among other arrangements, two rectangular sockets situated near the outer edge of a column can be found in several cases; see the Etablissement des Poseidoniastes (GD 57) in Delos VI, pp. 90-94, figs. 71, 72, esp. fig. 72:A (different forms of sockets in the same building are illustrated, including two rectangular lateral sockets); the Agora des Italiens (GD 52), Delos XIX, pp. 13, 16, fig. 14 (a stylobate slab with two lateral sockets, and a column with two rectangular lateral sockets with pour-channels); and private houses, Delos VIII, pp. 250-256 (few stylobate blocks of private peristyles are provided with sockets). See also the prominent Maison de l'Hermes (GD 89) with several stories in Delorme 1953, pp. 460-463, 478-479, fig. 12 (the columns on the ground floor were not doweled to the stylobate, but the upper-floor stylobate shows central round sockets without pourchannels); the Maison des comediens (GD 59B), Delos XXVII, pp. 19-21, pl. 4 (columns with one central and one lateral round socket, not all of them equipped with pour-channels); the gymnasium (GD 76), Delos XXVIII, p. 19, figs. 6, 7 (the bases of the Ionic columns are fixed on the stylobate with two lateral rectangular sockets with pour-channels). For the different types of dowels and the existence of pour-channels, see Muller-Wiener 1988, p. 86.
If only the ends of the pour-channels (which do not appear in Bruneau 1970, pl. F) were to be seen (for a distance of ca. 0.02 m, see Delos XXVIII, p. 20), the column would have had a lower diameter of ca. 0.60 m.
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