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The oldest original synagogue building in the Diaspora: the Delos synagogue reconsidered
Hesperia, Fall, 2004 by Monika Trumper
It is unlikely that the partition wall was inserted for purely practical or technical reasons, because, for example, pillars or columns would have sufficed to support a roof in danger of collapse. The intent must have been to differentiate space or create more rooms, which could be used separately. This view is supported by the fact that benches were set up not only in rooms A and B, but also in courtyard C. As all three spaces were equipped in the same way in this regard, the possible activities performed in them might have been limited and required primarily seating. But the spaces were probably used for different occasions or by different groups.
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Although the immediate surroundings of the edifice have not been excavated, the remnants of many walls belonging to neighboring buildings are visible (Figs. 1, 2). No plan has ever been drafted that shows all the visible walls, which would allow us to reconstruct the layout of the Quartier du stade much more precisely than has been possible to date, so only the immediate neighboring walls of GD 80 can be taken into account here:
1. A wall that abuts the northwest corner of room A and extends west (fFig. 23). This wall was certainly erected after the construction of GD 80, perhaps even as soon as the first phase, with gneiss walls, was completed. (61) The size, extent, and position of the building to which it belonged, however, are unknown.
[FIGURE 23 OMITTED]
2. A wall that is set against the stucco on the north exterior surface of the northeast corner of room A and leads north (Figs. 15, 22). Its course can be followed for about 45-50 m, to the hypothetical prolongation of the Rue meridionale, which is the southernmost visible east-west road of the Quartier du stade (Fig. 1). This wall formed the east facade of an insula and was equipped with three, probably four, entrances. The entrances corresponded with three or four plots of fairly equal (north-south) extent, which suggests a preconceived layout and a simultaneous execution.
3. Several walls north of room A. One is parallel to the north wall of A, defining a corridor about 2 m wide between the two walls that is blocked by a wall at the west abutting the north wall of room A (Fig. 22). A third wall seems to abut the east end of the east-west wall and extend north from it.
4. A wall that leads north from, and forms a right angle with, the preserved east end of the north wall of C (Fig. 24, foreground). Although the interior corner of the two walls was covered with stucco (Fig. 24, right foreground), it is not clear whether these walls are bonded and therefore might have been built at the same time. (62) If they were erected simultaneously, this would mean that GD 80 extended farther north, or that its extension to the east was effected together with a transformation (e.g., enlargement) of the northern neighbor. Furthermore, it would suggest that this corner marked the east limit of GD 80. But only further investigation and excavation can clarify whether these walls are really bonded and corresponded with the seaward facade of the respective buildings.
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