The Role of Justification in Contemporary Theology

The Role of Justification in Contemporary Theology. By Mark C. Mattes. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2004. xvii and 198 pages. Paper. $25.00.

Examining the role of the doctrine of justification in recent theology, Mark Mattes explores the works of Jungel, Pannenberg, Moltmann, Jenson, and Bayer. His analysis shows a wide and deep engagement with each. If readers are not familiar with these thinkers, Mattes provides enough explanation to overcome that potentially large obstacle.

The contemporary theologians each receive one chapter on how they have presented Christian justification and how they compare to Luther. Mattes evaluates his subjects' writings based on how well he perceives they have followed Luther. Returning to Luther in every chapter allows Mattes to keep his thesis central; it does, however, raise the self-identified temptation to "seek to return to the pre-modern world" (p. 189).

On this point, one notices that Mattes does not care for modern movements or strands of thought that he identifies as having "Hegelian" elements. While Hegel's work can certainly raise theological eyebrows, a reader may wonder whether Hegel really represents the primary threat to Christian proclamation in today's congregations. The study could have benefited from a wider view of the challenges and solutions facing the church; to that end, a more diverse panel of theologians may have been valuable. Nevertheless, Mattes has succeeded in embracing a core issue for the whole church and presented a highly engaging analysis of major modern-day thinkers.

This book is useful for pastors and theologians as a broad survey and interpretation of these five influential theologians. Its focus on theology as being "for the church" is also refreshing. Although the academic theological language may be difficult for some, Mattes is consistent and precise in his use of technical terms. Readers may not agree with each of his analyses or conclusions. They will, however, find a well-informed discussion of a crucial theme in contemporary Christianity. This book adds its voice to broader conversations on why justification still matters to the church and the world.

Martin J. Lohrmann

Lutheran Theol. Seminary at Philadelphia

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