The impact of working capital investment on the value of a company
Exhibit 2
Green Corporation
Shareholder Value: $998
Shareholder Value Per Share: $35.66
Units: $000s
Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Sales (Year 0) 1,648
G 15.0% 15.0% 15.0% 15.0%
P 13.7% 13.7% 13.7% 13.7%
T 41.0% 41.0% 41.0% 41.0%
F 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0%
W 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0%
K 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0%
N 5 5 5 5
Mkt. Securities 10 10 10 10
Mkt. Value Debt 1,007 1,007 1,007 1,007
# of Shares 28 28 28 28
Sales 1,648.0 1,895.2 2,179.5 2,506.4 2,882.4
Operating Costs 1,635.6 1,880.9 2,163.0 2,487.5
Operating Profit 259.6 298.6 343.4 394.9
Taxes 106.5 122.4 140.8 161.9
NOPAT 153.2 176.2 202.6 233.0
Incr. F 61.8 71.1 81.7 94.0
Incr. W 24.7 28.4 32.7 37.6
Cash Flow (CF) 66.7 76.7 88.2 101.4
Discount Factor 0.9091 0.8264 0.7513 0.6830
PV of CF 60.6 63.4 66.2 69.3
Cum PV of CF 60.6 124.0 190.2 259.5
Residual Value (RV) 1,531.9 1,761.7 2,025.9 2,329.8
PV of Perpetuity RV 1,392.6 1,455.9 1,522.1 1,591.3
Mkt. Securities 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
Corporate Value (CV) 1,463.2 1,589.9 1,722.3 1,860.8 2,005.5
Mkt Value of Debt 1,007.0 1,007.0 1,007.0 1,007.0
Shareholder Value (SHV) $456.2 $582.9 $715.3 $853.8
Year 2006
Sales (Year 0)
G 15.0%
P 13.7%
T 41.0%
F 25.0%
W 10.0%
K 10.0%
N 5
Mkt. Securities 10
Mkt. Value Debt 1,007
# of Shares 28
Sales 3,314.7
Operating Costs 2,860.6
Operating Profit 454.1
Taxes 186.2
NOPAT 267.9
Incr. F 108.1
Incr. W 43.2
Cash Flow (CF) 116.6
Discount Factor 0.6209
PV of CF 72.4
Cum PV of CF 331.9
Residual Value (RV) 2,679.3
PV of Perpetuity RV 1,663.6
Mkt. Securities 10.0
Corporate Value (CV) 2,156.8
Mkt Value of Debt 1,007.0
Shareholder Value (SHV) $998.5
Exhibit 3
Green Corporation
Shareholder Value: $952
Shareholder Value Per Share: $33.99
Units: $000s
Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Sales (Year 0) 1,648
G 15.0% 15.0% 15.0% 15.0%
P 13.7% 13.7% 13.7% 13.7%
T 41.0% 41.0% 41.0% 41.0%
F 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0%
W 13.8% 13.8% 13.8% 13.8%
K 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0%
N 5 5 5 5
Mkt. Securities 10 10 10 10
Mkt. Value Debt 1,007 1,007 1,007 1,007
# of Shares 28 28 28 28
Sales 1,648.0 1,895.2 2,179.5 2,506.4 2,882.4
Operating Costs 1,635.6 1,880.9 2,163.0 2,487.5
Operating Profit 259.6 298.6 343.4 394.9
Taxes 106.5 122.4 140.8 161.9
NOPAT 153.2 176.2 202.6 233.0
Incr. F 61.8 71.1 81.7 94.0
Incr. W 34.1 39.2 45.1 51.9
Cash Flow (CF) 57.3 65.9 75.7 87.1
Discount Factor 0.9091 0.8264 0.7513 0.6830
PV of CF 52.1 54.4 56.9 59.5
Cum PV of CF 52.1 106.5 163.4 222.9
Residual Value (RV) 1,531.9 1,761.7 2,025.9 2,329.8
PV of Perpetuity RV 1,392.6 1,455.9 1,522.1 1,591.3
Mkt. Securities 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
Corporate Value (CV) 1,454.7 1,572.4 1,695.5 1,824.2
Mkt Va!ue of Debt 1,007.0 1,007.0 1,007.0 1,007.0
Shareholder Value (SHN) $447.7 $565.4 $688.5 $817.2
Share Price $15.99 $20.19 $24.59 $29.19
Year 2006
Sales (Year 0)
G 15.0%
P 13.7%
T 41.0%
F 25.0%
W 13.8%
K 10.0%
N 5
Mkt. Securities 10
Mkt. Value Debt 1,007
# of Shares 28
Sales 3,314.7
Operating Costs 2,860.6
Operating Profit 454.1
Taxes 186.2
NOPAT 267.9
Incr. F 108.1
Incr. W 59.7
Cash Flow (CF) 100.2
Discount Factor 0.6209
PV of CF 62.2
Cum PV of CF 285.1
Residual Value (RV) 2,679.3
PV of Perpetuity RV 1,663.6
Mkt. Securities 10.0
Corporate Value (CV) 1,958.7
Mkt Va!ue of Debt 1,007.0
Shareholder Value (SHN) $951.7
Share Price $33.99