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Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure
Environmental Health Perspectives, August, 2005 by Shanna H. Swan, Katharina M. Main, Fan Liu, Sara L. Stewart, Robin L. Kruse, Antonia M. Calafat, Catherine S. Mao, J. Bruce Redmon, Christine L. Ternand, Shannon Sullivan, J. Lynn Teague
Silva MJ, Barr DB, Reidy JA, Malek NA, Hodge CC, Caudill SP, et al. 2004a. Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in the U.S. population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000. Environ Health Perspect 112:331-338.
Silva MJ, Malek NA, Hodge CC, Reidy JA, Kate K, Barr DB, et al. 2003. Improved quantitative detection of 11 urinary phthalate metabolites in humans using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 789:393-404.
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Silva MJ, Slakman AR, Reidy JA, Preau JL Jr, Herbert AR, Samandar E, et al. 2004b. Analysis of human urine for fifteen phthalate metabolites using automated solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 805:161-167.
Skakkebaek NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Main KM. 2001. Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects. Hum Reprod 16:972-978.
Swan SH, Brazil C, Drobnis EZ, Liu F, Kruse RL, Hatch M, et al. 2003. Geographic differences in semen quality of fertile U.S. males. Environ Health Perspect 111:414-420.
Tyl RW, Myers CB, Marr MC, Fail PA, Seely JC, Brine DR, et al. 2004. Reproductive toxicity evaluation of dietary butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) in rats. Reprod Toxicol 18:241-204.
Vandenbergh JG, Huggett CL. 1995. The anogenital distance index, a predictor of the intrauterine position effects on reproduction in female house mice. Lab Anim Sci 45:587-573.
White CR, Seymour RS. 2005. Agometric scaling of mammalian metabolism. J Exp Biol 208:1611-1619.
Shanna H. Swan, (1) Katharina M. Main, (2) Fan Liu, (3) Sara L. Stewart, (3) Robin L. Kruse, (3) Antonia M. Calafat, (4) Catherine S. Mao, (5) J. Bruce Redmon, (6) Christine L. Ternand, (7) Shannon Sullivan, (8) J. Lynn Teague, (9) and the Study for Future Families Research Team *
(1) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; (2) Department of Growth and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; (3) Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA; (4) National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; (5) Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Departments of (6) pediatrics and (7) Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; (8) Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; (9) Departments of Surgery (Urology) and Child Health, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Address correspondence to S.H. Swan, University of Rochester, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 668, Rochester, NY 14642-8668 USA. Telephone: (585) 273-3521. Fax: (585) 275-7366. E-mail: shanna_swan@urmc.rochester.edu
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