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Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure
Environmental Health Perspectives, August, 2005 by Shanna H. Swan, Katharina M. Main, Fan Liu, Sara L. Stewart, Robin L. Kruse, Antonia M. Calafat, Catherine S. Mao, J. Bruce Redmon, Christine L. Ternand, Shannon Sullivan, J. Lynn Teague
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Bowman C J, Barlow N J, Turner KJ, Wallace DG, Foster PM. 2003. Effects of in utero exposure to finasteride on androgen-dependent reproductive development in the male rat. Toxicol Sci 74:393-406.
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Callegari C, Everett S, Ross M, Brasel JA. 1987. Anogenital ratio: measure of fetal virilization in premature and full-term newborn infants. J Pediatr 111:240-243.
CDC. 2003. Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences.
Clark RL, Antonello JM, Grossman SJ, Wise LD, Anderson C, Bagdon WJ, et al. 1990. External genitalia abnormalities in male rats exposed in utero to finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor. Teratology 42:91-100.
Colon I, Caro D, Bourdony CJ, Rosario O. 2000. Identification of phthalate esters in the serum of young Puerto Rican girls with premature breast development. Environ Health Perspect 108:895-900.
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Ema M, Miyawaki E, Hirose A, Kamata E. 2003. Decreased anogenital distance and increased incidence of undescended testes in fetuses of rats given monobenzyl phthalate, a major metabolite of butyl benzyl phthalate. Reprod Toxicol 17:407-412.
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