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The relation between VR services and employment outcomes of individuals with traumatic brain injury

Journal of Rehabilitation, July-Sept, 2003 by David Gamble, Corey L. Moore

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Results

Table 1 presents the distributions of the six VR services received by the sample. A limited number of clients received college services (9.3%). Larger percentages of consumers received assessment, counseling/guidance, job placement, restoration, and work adjustment services. Counseling/guidance was the most frequently provided service (88.8%).

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The distributions of the service (e.g., predictor) variables were then carefully examined. For analytic purposes, these variables would ideally display a 50%-50% distribution (Moore, 2001a). Distributions of 80%-20% are appropriate for logistic regression analysis (Moore, 2001a). Distributions significantly greater than this (e.g., 95%-5%) should be excluded from the process (Cohen & Cohen, 1983; Moore, Flowers, & Taylor, 2000) due to lack of experimental variation within predictor variables which may result in Type II errors (Huck & Cormier, 1996). Similar to procedures used in studies conducted by Bullis, Davis, Bull, and Johnson (1995), Moore (2001a), Moore et al. (2000), and Moore, Feist-Price, and Alston (2002a, 2002b), predictor variables with distributions greater than 95%-5% would in fact be excluded from the analysis. No predictor variables were excluded based on this criterion. The predictor variables were largely independent, with phi correlation coefficients ranging from--.01 to .22. These low values provided no evidence of multicollinearity.

Closure Status

Results of the logistic regression analysis are described in Table 2. Overall, the classification model correctly categorized 78.2% of the cases. The following VR services were positive predictors of closure status: college (p < .001, OR = 5.21, 95% CI = 2.95-9.19), counseling/guidance (p < .001, QR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.74-5.28), and job placement services (p < .001, OR = 20.77, 95% CI = 13.89-31.07). The odds ratio (OR) provides the estimated coefficients that predict competitive jobs. The coefficients are the log of the odds of the event occurring (i.e., change in the log odds associated with one unit change in the independent variable). The odds of obtaining competitive employment for those receiving college services were 5.21 times the odds of obtaining competitive employment for those not receiving college services. The odds of obtaining competitive employment for clients receiving counseling services were 3.03 times the odds of obtaining competitive employment for clients not receiving counseling services. The odds of obtaining competitive employment for consumers receiving job placement services were 20.77 times the odds of obtaining competitive employment for consumers not receiving job placement services. Conversely, work adjustment was a significant negative predictor of closure status, although its odds ratio was quite low. That is, the odds of obtaining competitive employment for those not receiving work adjustment services were .61 times the odds of obtaining competitive employment for those receiving work adjustment services.

Health Care Industry

The relation between VR services and employment outcomes of individuals with traumatic brain injury

Journal of Rehabilitation, July-Sept, 2003 by David Gamble, Corey L. Moore

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