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The relation between VR services and employment outcomes of individuals with traumatic brain injury

Journal of Rehabilitation, July-Sept, 2003 by David Gamble, Corey L. Moore

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It was felt that combining all rehabilitated closures might confound the effects of the VR services on closure status and weekly earnings. Therefore, closure status was divided into two categories-competitive employment and not working. The overwhelming majority (87.9%) of rehabilitated closures were in competitive employment. Clients closed in sheltered, self, homemaker, and unpaid family worker statuses respectively accounted for just 34 (5.7%), 12 (2.0%), 17 (2.9%), and 9 (1.5%) of the rehabilitated closures and were excluded from the analyses. No business enterprise program closures were reported. The weekly earnings measure is unambiguous. Higher weekly earnings denoted greater success.

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Sample

The sample consisted of all 1,073 public rehabilitation clients with a major disabling condition of TBI whose cases were closed in competitive employment and non-rehabilitated statuses from October 1992 through September 2000 in a southeastern state. Of these individuals, 521 (48.6%) were competitively employed at closure and 552 (51.4%) were not working at closure. Nine hundred and fifty three (88.8%) were classified as having a severe disability and 120 (11.2%) were classified as not having a severe disability. Two hundred and thirteen (19.9%) were African American, 836 (77.9%) were Caucasian, 14 (1.3%) were Hispanic American, 3 (.3%) were Asian American, and 7 (.7%) were Native American. Eight hundred (69.9%) were male and 345 (30.1%) were female. The marital status varied: 224 (20.9%) were married and 849 (79.1%) were single. Ages ranged from 16 to 71 (M = 35.40, SD = 9.68). The mean education grade-level achievement was 11.52 (SD = 2.31). Upon application for services, 93 (8.7%) reported having prior employment experience and 980 (91.3%) did not report having previous work experience.

Data Analysis

A combination descriptive and correlative research design (Pedhazur & Schmelkin, 1991) was used to examine the distributions of VR services and their relationship to employment outcomes. Descriptive, chi-square, logistic regression, and analysis of variance [i.e., one-way ANOVA and factorial ANOVA (i.e., six-way)] procedures were used to analyze the data and answer the research questions. Chi-square analysis is appropriate for evaluating the relationship between a dichotomous independent and dependent variable (Huck & Cormier, 1996). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between VR services and a dichotomous dependent variable [i.e., closure status] (Cohen & Cohen, 1983). A one-way ANOVA can be utilized for evaluating the relationship between one independent variable and a continuous dependent variable (Huck & Cormier, 1996). According to Huck and Cormier (1996), a factorial ANOVA is appropriate for evaluating the relationship between several independent variables (i.e., VR services) and a continuous variable (i.e., weekly earnings). The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, 1995) was employed in these calculations. Only those consumers closed in competitive employment (n = 521) were selected to evaluate differences in weekly earnings. A significance level was set at .05.

Health Care Industry

The relation between VR services and employment outcomes of individuals with traumatic brain injury

Journal of Rehabilitation, July-Sept, 2003 by David Gamble, Corey L. Moore

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