East of Harlem - Reviews - African American artists in early 20th-century Paris, France - Book Review
Art Journal, Winter, 2002 by Jennifer Marshall
(2.) Leininger-Miller. 82. She concludes that these troubling works "seem to be made with affection and suggest...good-natured humor," even as she holds out the dismal possibility that they may instead constitute "a form of vicarious suicide, caused by deeply ingrained self-hatred" (100).
(3.) Gates, who dates the peak of the New Negro movement to between 1895 and 1925, discusses the concept as a defensive fiction against prevailing negative stereotypes of African Americans--a "new" black subject constructed to counter an "old" Sambo. "The Trope of a New Negro and the Reconstruction of the Image of the Black." Representations 24 (Fail 1988): 129-55.
Jennifer Marshall is a Ph.D. candidate in art history at the University of California, Los Angeles.
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