16th century AD

(21.) Donizone, 162.

(22.) Civitale, vol. 1,521.

(23.) According to Luchino (45), Matilda built churches as well as the hospital of Ognissanti in Mantua and, with her mother, commissioned and endowed monasteries such as Canossa, Frassinora, and Nonantola. Donesmondi (vol. 1, 223, 225-26, 243, 247) credited Matilda with the churches of S. Lorenzo, S. Nicola, and S. Marco and the hospital of Ognissanti, all in Manuta, as well as S. Benedetto in Gonzaga, S. Lorenzo in Pegognaga, S. Mostria in Revere, the Pieve di Coriano near Revere, S. Cesario sul Panaro, and S. Zeno. On Matilda's foundations in the Mantovano, see also Amadei, vol. 1, 217-20.

(24.) Civitale, vol. 1,521. Cf. Mario Equicola, Commentari della storia di Mantova (Mantua: n.p., 1521), 33; and Rambaldi (vol. 4, 152-53): "monasteria nobilia fecit, quae magnis ditavit opibus" (she built noble monasteries, which she enriched with great wealth).

(25.) Mellini, 104, 107: "Edifico questa piu spedali, e Chiese. Rinnovo Monasteri di Donne, e di Huomini dedicati al servigio di Dio.... molte Chiese, a ne' tanti Monasteri, Oratorij, spedali, e altri luoghi pii, da lci fabbricati, e dedicati al colto divino."

(26.) Ibid., 33, 104.

(27.) See, for example, Paccagnini, 37, 44, 71, 86, 180, 182, 186, 194-96, 202-3, 206; Brunelli, 25-31; Christine Verzar Bornstein, "Matilda of Canossa, Papal Rome and the Earliest Italian Porch Portals," in Romanico padano, Romanico europeo (Parma: Universita degli Studi di Parma, Istituto di Storia dell'Arte, 1982), 145-58; idem, Portals and Politics in the Early Italian City-State: The Sculpture of Nicholaus in Context (Parma: Universita degli Studi di Parma, Istituto di Storia dell'Arte, and Centro di Studi Medievale, 1988); Arturo Quintavalle, Wiligelmo e Matilde: L'officina romanica, exh. cat., Palazzo Te, Mantua, 1991; and Calzona (as in n. 19), passim. Bornstein argues for the influence of Matilda's patronage on the programs at the cathedrals of Cremona, Ferrara, Verona, Modena, and Piacenza as well as S. Zeno in Verona, S. Eufemia in Piacenza, and Sagra di S. Michele. See, however, the objections raised in Dorothy Glass's review of Bornstein in Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies 66, no. 2 (Apr. 1991): 381-83.

(28.) Luchino, 7-40; Amadei, vol. 1, 163-65, 233-34, 245-46. Cf. Donesmondi, vol. 1, 249: "I monaci di questo monastero [Polirone] ... si confessano grandemente obligati a questa religiosissima Prencipessa" (The monks of this monastery [Polirone] ... confess that they are greatly obliged to this most religious princess). On Matilda's donations to Polirone, see Pietro Pelati, "Le terre del mantovano donate dai Canossa al monastero di San Benedetto," Civilta Mantovana 8 (1974): 331-37; Giuseppe Sissa, "Le donazioni canossiane al monastero di San Benedetto in Polirone prima e dopo la morte della Contessa Matilde (1005-1287)," Accademia Virgiliana di Mantova: Atti e Memorie, n.s., (1976): 7-45. The documents for Tedaldo's construction of a church in honor of Saint Benedict and his foundation of a monastery at Polirone are published in Pietro Torelli, Regesto Mantovano, Regesta Chartarum Italise, vol. 12 (Rome: Ermanno Loescher, 1914), 31-32, nos. 43, 44. On Bonifacio's church, see Piva, 1980, 31, 101-2.