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Eakins and Icons - Thomas Eakins
Art Bulletin, The, Sept, 2001 by Michael Leja
(77.) From a draft of a letter from Peirce to Lady Welby dated Mar. 9, 1906, reprinted in Charles Hardwick, ed., Semiotic and Significs: The Correspondence between Charles S. Peirce and Victoria Lady Welby (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1977), 199.
(78.) Charles Sanders Peirce, "Questions Concerning Certain Faculties Claimed for Man," Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 1868; reprinted in Writings of Charles S. Perice A Chronological Edition, ed. Edward C. Moore et al. (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1984), vol. 2, 202-3. The emphasis is Peirce's.
(79.) Foster and Leibold (as in n. 17), 206.
(80.) Foster, 223, notes that Eakins abandoned a nearly completed first version of this painting and restarted on a larger canvas in order to accommodate the eye-test chart. "We can be sure that, having gone to so much trouble to include this eye chart, Eakins felt its presence was extremely significant to both the design and the meaning of his picture."
Frequently Cited Sources
Bregler, Charles, "Thomas Eakins as a Teacher," pt. 1, Arts 17 (Mar. 1931): 379-86; pt. 2, 18 (Oct. 1931): 29-42.
Foster, Kathleen, Thomas Eakins Rediscovered: Charles Bregler's Thomas Eakins Collection at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997).
Fried, Michael, Realism, Writing Disfiguration: On Thomas Eakins and Stephen Crane (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987).
Goodrich, Lloyd, Thomas Eakins, 2 vols. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982).
Wilmerding, John, ed., Thomas Eakins (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993).
Michael Leja is Sewell C. Biggs Professor of American Art at the University of Delaware. He is the author of Reframing Abstract Expressionism (Yale University Press, 1993) and is currently completing a new book, Art, Modernity, and Deception in New York, 1869-1917 [Department of Art History, University of Delaware, Newark, Del. 1971 6-2516].
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