Antisemitism in Post World War II Hungary - violence, riots; Communist Party policy
Judaism, Spring, 2001 by Peter Kenez
PETER KENEZ is a Professor of History at the University of California at Santa Cruz. His most recent publications include Cinema and Soviet Society, 1917-1953 (1992) andVarieties of Fear: Growing Up Under Communism and Nazism (1994). His last book was A History of the Soviet Union from the Beginning to the End (1999). His review ofNazi Germany and the Jews, by Saul Friedlander and of The Holocaust in Historical Context, by Steven T. Katz appeared in the Winter 1998 issue.
NOTES
(1.) Antony Polonsky, ed. Polin. Studies in Polish Jewish Jewry, vol. 13 (London: Littman), 2000, p. 39.
(2.) Ezra Mendelsohn, The Jews of East Central Europe Between the World Wars (Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1983).
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(3.) Szabo Ferenc, Egymillioval Kevesebben-: Embervesztesegek, Nepesedesi Tendenciak esNepesedespolitika Magyarorszagon (1941-1960) (Pecs: Pannonia, 1998), pp. 44-62.
(4.) Political History Archives, Budapest, Hungary fond 274, unit 16 file 1. Workers' battalions were a particular Hungarian institution. Jewish men could not serve in the army. They were drafted into these units to perform particularly dangerous and unpleasant tasks. Of course, they were not given weapons.
(5.) Robert Gyori Szabo, A Kommunista part es a zsidosag Magyarorszagon: (1945-1956) (Budapest: Windsor, 1997), pp. 86-87.
(6.) Arpad Punkosti. Rakosi a hatalomert: 1945-1948 (Budapest: Eur6pa Konyvkiado, 1992).
(7.) PHA, 274/21/5,
(8.) PHA 798/ 2/ vol. 2. Losonczy 's letter to Revai. 1949 July 14. Published by Eva Standeisky in Budapesti Negyed. 1995 vol. 2.
(9.) For example the brother of Laszlo Rajk, the Minister of Interior and later the most prominent victim of a purge trial joined the Nazis. Andras Hegedus, Prime Minister in 1955-56 at the time of the world war considered joining the Hungarian Nazis. Andras Hegedus, A Tortenelem es a Hatalom Igezeteben: Eletrajzi Elemzesek (Budapest: Kossuth, 1988), pp. 45-58.
(10.) PHA 274/21/7. Report from Nograd county.
(11.) PHA 274/ 16/1.
(12.) PHA 277/ 16/246.
(13.) Gyori Szabo, p. 126.
(14.) Gyori Szabo, p. 149.
(15.) The most detailed description of the pogroms of 1946 is in Pelle Janos, Az Utolso Vervadak (Budapest: Pelikan, 1995), pp. 149-246.
(16.) Gyori Szabo, p. 162.
(17.) Rakosi Matyas, Visszaemlekezesek, 1940-1956, vol. 1 (Budapest: Napvilag), 1997, p. 298.
COPYRIGHT 2001 American Jewish Congress
COPYRIGHT 2001 Gale Group