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Sephardic Jews in Cuba - From all their Habitations

Judaism, Wntr, 2002 by Margalit Bejarano

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FROM ALL THEIR HABITATIONS takes its title from Ezekiel 37:23 and features reports of Jewish religious, intellectual, and communal life in various parts of the world.

NOTES

(1.) I wish to thank Ignacio Klich for encouraging me to prepare an English version of studies published in Spanish, French, and Hebrew. These include: "The Sepharadim, Pioneers of Jewish Immigration to Cuba" (Hebrew), in Society and Community, edited by Abraham Haim (Jerusalem: Misgav Yerushalayim, 1991), pp. 113-132; "L'integration des Sefardim en Amerique Latine: le cas des communauts de Buenos Aires et de la Havane," in Memoires juives d'Espagne etdu Portugal, edited by Esther Benbassa (Paris: PUBLISUD, 1996); "De Turquia a Latinoamerica. Inmigracion de judios safaradies a Argentina y Cuba," Sefardica 11 (Septiembre de 1996): 113-125.

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"The Arab-speaking communities in Latin America," U.S. National Archives (NA) Intelligence Report, 1 January 1943, no. 1186; Teofilo Haded, Cuba y Libano, Havana 1957, p.9.

(2.) George Weinberger, "The Jews in Cuba," The American Hebrew and Jewish Messenger 102.14 (1918): 1.

(3.) The main archival sources covering the period of immigration are the files of HIAS-HICEM and the collection of Leizer Ran in the YIVO Archives in New York, and the Archives of the American JewishJoint Distribution (JDC) in New York. See also: Boris Sapir, The Jewish Community of Cuba (New York: Jewish Theological Seminary Press, 1948); Harry Viteles, "Report on the Status of Jewish Immigration in Cuba," February 1925 (mimeographed).

This study makes an extensive use of oral history, with additional materials from a survey conducted among members of the Sephardic Cuban Congregation of Miami, who had left Cuba following the Castro revolution. Questionnaires were received from 60 persons, and they include information also about the parents of the respondents and their fathers-in-law. Field work was conducted in 1986, with the help of Mrs. Eugenia Credi; I wish to thank Dr. Pnina Morag Tallmon and Mr. Zvi Richter Z"L for their help in the preparation and procession of the survey.

(4.) Avigdor Levy, The Sephardim in the Ottoman Empire (Princeton, NJ: Darwin Press Inc., 1992), pp. 42-44; Norman A. Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands in Modern Times (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1991), p. 4.

(5.) Stanford J. Shaw, The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic (New York: New York University Press, 1991), pp. 43-44.

(6.) Levy, pp. 102-103; Yaacov Barnai, "Hayehudim baimperia haotomanit." (The Jews in the Ottoman Empire), in Toldot Hayehudim Beartzot Haislam, edited by Shmuel Ettinger (Jerusalem: Mercaz Zalman Shazar, 1986), Vol. 2, pp. 186-188; Walter Weiker, Ottomans, Turks and the Jewish Polity: A History of the Jews of Turkey (Jerusalem: Jerusalem Center of Public Affairs; Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1992), pp. 151-152.

(7.) Riva Kastoryano, "From Millet to Community: The Jews of Istanbul," in Ottoman and Turkish Jewry, Community and Leadership, edited by Aharon Rodrigue (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, Turkish Studies 12, 1992), pp. 253-277; Shaw, p. 165, Levy, pp. 118-19.

Sephardic Jews in Cuba - From all their Habitations

Judaism, Wntr, 2002 by Margalit Bejarano

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