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The thematization of time in E.M. Forster's 'The Eternal Moment' and Joyce's 'The Dead.'

Twentieth Century Literature,  Winter, 1997  by Silvana Caporaletti

<< Page 1  Continued from page 10.  Previous | Next

9 On his entrance on the scene Gabriel literally shines with artificial light - his black hair is "glossy" (174), his "polished lenses" scintillate in their "bright gilt rims," he flicks 'lustre into his shoes" (174) - and he wears galoshes to defend himself from the cold and snow. Though he "likes music," Gabriel has no talent for it, and as a teacher and literary reviewer, his social role is dependent on linguistic ability: The climactic event of the party is the pompously rhetorical little speech that he delivers to people whom he regards as culturally inferior.

10 As regards the moment and the nature of Gabriel's crucial epiphany, critical opinions differ. Walzl, for instance, affirms that "Gabriel's great moment of epiphany is his personal vision of the cemetery in Oughterard. . . . This moment of epiphanic insight is the climax of the story and the book, and its reality is that of an individual consciousness" (123).

WORKS CITED

Bakhtin, Mikhail M. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin. Ed. Michael Holquist. Trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin: U of Texas P, 1981.

Barletta, Giuseppe. Chronos: figure filosofiche del tempo Bari: Dedalo, 1992.

Bergson, Henri. Creative Evolution. Trans Arthur Mitchell New York: Holt, 1944.

-----. Matter and Memory. Trans. Nancy Margaret Paul and W. Scott Palmer. New York: Macmillan, 1911.

-----. Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness Trans. F. L. Pogson. London: Allen, 1959.

Coveney, Peter, and Roger Highfield Arrow of Time: A Voyage through Science to Solve Time's Greatest Mystery. New York: Fawcett, 1992.

Davies, Paul. About Time. London: Vicking 2, 1995.

Douglass, Paul. Bergson, Eliot, and American Literature. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1986.

Elias, Norbert. Time: An Essay. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.

Ellmann, Richard. James Joyce. London: Oxford UP, 1966.

Forster, E. M. Aspects of the Novel. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1962.

-----. "The Eternal Moment". Collected Short Stories. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984.

Fraser, James T. Time, the Familiar Stranger. Boston: U Massachusetts P. 1987.

Goldberg, S. L. Joyce. London: Oliver and Boyd, 1962.

Johnson, Anthony. "Henri Bergson and T. S. Eliot: A Reading of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock." Intrecci e contaminazioni. Ed. Vittoria De Stradis et al. Venezia: Supernova, 1993. 204-20.

Joyce, James. "The Dead". Dubliners. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1992.

Le Brun, Philip. "T. S. Eliot and Henri Bergson." Review of English Studies 43 (1967) 149-61,274-86.

Peake, Charles. James Joyce, the Citizen and the Artist. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1977.

Poulet, Georges. Studies in Human Time. Trans. Elliott Coleman Baltimore: Johns Hopkins P, 1956.

Reale, Paola La psicologia del tempo. Torino: Boringhieri, 1982.

Reynolds, Mary. "The Dantean Design of Joyce's Dubliners." The Seventh of Joyce. Ed. Bernard Benstock. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1982.

Walzl, Florence L. "A Book of Signs and Symbols: The Protagonist." The Seventh of Joyce. Ed. Bernard Benstock. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1982.