The Psychology of Prejudice: Ingroup Love or Outgroup Hate?

Gaertner, S. L., Dovidio, J. F., & Johnson, G. (1982). Race of victim, non-responsive bystanders, and helping behavior. Journal of Social Psychology, 117, 69-77.

Gluckman, M. (1955). Custom and conflict in Africa. Glencoc, IL: Free Press.

Hinkle, S., & Brown, R. (1990). Intergroup comparisons and social identity: Some links and lacunae. In D. Abrams & M. Hogg (Eds.), Social identity theory: Construction and critical advances (pp. 48-70). London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Insko, C. A., Schopler, J., & Sedikides, C. (1998). Personal control, entitativity, and evolution. In C. Sedikides, J. Schopler, & C. Insko (Eds.), intergroup cognition and intergroup behavior (pp. 109-120). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Kosterman, R., & Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10, 257-274.

LeVine, R. A., & Campbell, D. T. (1972). Ethnocentrism: Theories of conflict, ethnic attitudes and group behavior. New York: Wiley.

Lipset, S. M. (1959). Some social requisites of democracy, development, and politics. American Political Science Review, 53, 69-106.

Lipset, S. M. (1960). Political man: The social bases of politics. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co.

Marcus-Newhall, A., Miller, N., Holtz, R., & Brewer, M. B. (1993). Cross-cutting category membership with role assignment: A means of reducing intergroup bias. British Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 124-146.

Mullen, B., Brown, R., & Smith, C. (1992). Ingroup bias as a function of salience, relevance, and status: An integration. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 103-122.

Mummendey, A., & Sebreiber, H. (1983). Better or just different? Positive social identity by discrimination against or by differentiation from ontgroups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 389-397.

Mummendey, A., & Simon, B. (1989). Better or different? III: The impact of importance of comparison dimension and relative ingroup size upon intergroup discrimination. British Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 1-16.

Mummendey, A., Simon, B., Dietze, C., Grunert., M., Haeger, G., Kessler, S., Lettgen, S., & Schaferhoff, S. (1992). Categorization is not enough: Intergroup discrimination in negative outcome allocations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 125-144.

Mummendey, A., & Wenzel, M. (1999). Social discrimination and tolerance in intergroup relations: Reactions to intergroup difference. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 158-174.

Murphy, R. F. (1957). Intergroup hostility and social cohesion. American Anthropologist, 59, 1018-1035.

Pettigrew, T. F., & Meertens, R. W. (1995). Subtle and blatant prejudice in western Europe. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 57-75.

Rogers, R. W., & Prentice-Dunn, S. (1981). Deindividuation and anger-mediated interracial aggression: Unmasking regressive racism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 63-73.

Sears, D. 0., Citron, J., Cheleden, S., & van Laar, C. (1999). Cultural diversity and multicultural politics: Is ethnic balkanization psychologically inevitable? In D. Prentice & D. Miller (Eds.), Cultural divides: Understanding and overcoming group conflict (pp. 35-79). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.