thyroid control

Given that two of the main symptoms are weight gain and fatigue, we're willing to bet that at one time or another thousands of women have diagnosed themselves with an underactive thyroid. But how many of us actually know what the thyroid does, where it's located or what the precise symptoms of a malfunctioning one are?

The thyroid gland, a key component of the metabolism-regulating endocrine system, is located at the base of the throat, and when it's working properly it releases a family of hormones that help cells convert oxygen and calories into energy. When this process is interrupted, problems arise. The two most common conditions, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, affect an estimated 15 million Americans. Hypothyroidism, which strikes approximately 9 million women and 2 million men, is by far the more prevalent of the two. It occurs when antibodies begin to attack the thyroid and gradually render it inactive. Many people are walking around undiagnosed because symptoms usually don't appear until the condition becomes acute. With hyperthyroidism, the exact opposite thing happens. Antibodies stimulate the thyroid to grow and secrete excessive amounts of hormones. Although scientists aren't exactly clear as to what causes thyroid conditions, they believe there is a genetic component.

To diagnose either condition, a physician can perform a simple blood test that will measure hormone levels. If the test shows an abnormality in either direction, the doctor will probably run a thyroid profile to determine how severe the problem is. Although the usual course of treatment for thyroid conditions is prescription medication or, in extreme cases, surgery, there are simple steps you can take to prevent either condition from occurring in the first place: stop smoking, reduce stress levels, avoid fluoridated toothpaste or water as well as excessive amounts of iodine (found in foods like fish and kelp). The list of symptoms above may help you determine if you need to see a professional for treatment. For more information, visit the Thyroid Foundation of America at www.allthyroid.com or call (800) 832-8321; or contact the Thyroid Society for Education and Research at (800) THYROID (849-7643); www.the-thyroid-society.org.

Symptoms

HYPERTHYROIDISM

* Insomnia

* Brittle hair

* Muscular weakness

* Shaky hands and increased heart rate

* Weight loss, despite a healthy appetite

* Increased frequency of bowel movements

* Lighter-than-usual menstrual flow

* Increased irritability

HYPOTHYROIDISM

* Fatigue

* Dry hair and skin

* Muscle cramps

* Weight gain

* Constipation

* Heavier-than-usual menstrual flow

* Depression

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